نظرات فقهية و اقتصادية في استحالة النجاسات

The aim of this study is to determine the possibility of using waste in the event of mixed with contaminants and impurities. The study aimed at extracting the legal ruling to sell the waste whether to use it in the industries as raw materials or to sell it for the purpose of landfill. The study presented the jurisprudential discussions of ancient scientists regarding the Impurities alteration (Istihlet al njasat) and sale it as well as its development in the discussion of the entry of residues that may contain impurities in industries that fall within the sphere of human consumption or within the production cycle as raw materials. The study dealt with the subject of its jurisprudence and economic dimensions to achieve the goal of research in the subject.  

Production of Fungal Treated Wheat Straw Through Solid State Fermentation and its Biological Evaluation in Nili Ravi Buffalo Calves

The poor availability of high quality feedstuff and consistent use of abundant low quality dry roughages as an animal feed are the major constraints in the development of livestock sector in Pakistan. For an efficient exploitation of available crop residues like wheat straw, biotechnological methods along with solid state fermentation technology using Arachniotus sp. were employed to upgrade its nutritive value in laboratory and on large scale at farm. Thus at both levels, addition of salts (MgSO4.7H2O, CaCl2, KH2PO4 andurea) and industrial residues (molasses, rice polishing and corn steep liquor) highly increased the crude protein contents and decrease the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin in the fermented wheat straw. It was demonstrated that Arachniotus sp. are a potential alternative fungi that on addition of economical by-products provide more practical and environmental-friendly approach for enhancing the nutritive value of wheat straw on large scale at farm level. Moreover, the biological trial of this treated wheat straw in Nili Ravi male buffalo calves considerably increased the dry matter intake, daily weight gain, improved feed conversion ratio, an enhanced feed economics and nutritive digestibility. Hence, the current observations highly endorse the use of these economical by-products for cheap biomass production from low quality dry roughages and it was recommended to add this improved feed in livestock ration for an enhanced growth performance.