سیرت طیبہ ﷺ کی روشنی میں تصور فلاح و بہبود

Islam is the religion of welfare. It emphasizes on accomplishing the rights of human beings concurrently the rights of Allah. Similarly, the government and the member of society jolted regarding this collectively. And everyone is stimulated concerning his responsibilities and adjudges the followers just like one body. Islamic community is just like a cooperative society. It is a duty of everybody to assist the deprived not only financially but also ethically. Until, to meet affably is declared charity. The leader of Islamic state is the responsible for the welfare of everybody. Rather he is bound to feed every being. That is why Haḍrat ʻUmar said that he is liable in the Day of Judgment if a dog is died due to starvation in his regime. In the research paper, the concept of welfare has been manifested in the light of Sīrat-al-Nabī. The method adopted for the research is qualitative as well as descriptive. The Holy prophet urged the believers of Islam on mutual assistance in adverse times. In disaster situations, the responsibilities of every Muslim increase and he should devote his intention tooth, nail and body to rescue.

Molecular and Biochemical Analyses of Cross Adaptation Mechanism S for Salt Tolerance in Rice Oryza Sativa L. Cell Lines

In the present research work cell lines of Oryza sativa cv. Swat-1 were incrementally adapted to osmotic (20 % PEG) and ion toxicity (20 mM LiCl) stresses to study the mechanisms of sequential tolerance and cross adaptation. The adapted cell lines were growing on respective stresses over a period of 55 passages and their tolerance was stable at least up to 6th generation on stress free medium. The physiological characterization of cell lines showed a substantial increase in proline and Ca++ levels and significant reduction in K+ and Mg++ contents on adaptation to PEG stress, while no prominent differences in accumulating organic and inorganic cytosolutes were observed between unadapted and LiCl adapted cell lines. Adaptation to PEG and LiCl was evident by appearance of six different polypeptides, among these four polypeptide bands 15, 17, 26 and 68 kDa were common, while, other two novel proteins 60 kDa, and 32 kDa were unique to PEG and LiCl adapted cell lines, respectively. None of these polypeptide were detectable in unadapted cell lines. At the molecular level the PCR amplification results using seven set of SSR primers for saltol region of chromosome 1 of rice revealed no polymorphism in adapted and unadapted cell lines. When adapted and unadapted cell lines were exposed to 200 mM NaCl with an iso-osmotic effect to 20 % PEG and an osmotic effect 10 times higher than 20 mM LiCl in addition to toxicity effects for two consecutive passages. The tolerance of both adapted lines was similar but significantly greater than tolerance of unadapted cells line. On exposure to subsequent second NaCl stress unadapted cells line failed to survive but the tolerance of adapted cell lines increased, expressing the phenomenon of sequential tolerance. Overall, no qualitative differences were observed among adapted and unadapted cell lines under salt stress. However, the patterns of response of adapted and unadapted cell lines to osmotic and ionic homeostasis to tolerate NaCl were greatly different. PEG adapted cells line appeared to acquire halophytic behavior of a salt accumulator, in contrast LiCl adapted line behaved like a typical salt tolerant glycophyte. Furthermore, the induced tolerance of adapted lines were not restricted to the same type of stress but showed cross tolerance towards other abiotic stresses.