لائبریری کی اہمیّت
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لائبریری سے مراد کتب خانہ ہے۔ لائبریری کی اہمیت سے مراداس چیز کی اہمیت نہیں کہ اس کی بلڈنگ کا خام مال بہت اچھا ہے، اس کے گردونواح اور مضافات کے باسی بہت اچھے ہیں۔ اس کے افتتاح کرنے والے کا کردار بہت اچھا ہے، اس کو بنانے والے کا کاروبار بہت اچھا ہے، اس حسین وجمیل بلڈنگ کو تعمیر کرنے والا معمار بہت اچھا ہے۔ لائبریری کی اہمیت سے مراد اس کے اندر جو کتب ہیں ان کا مطالعہ کتنی اہمیت کا حامل ہے، اس کے مطالعہ سے نوجوان کو کتنا فائدہ پہنچتا ہے، اس کے مطالعہ سے بوڑھے قاری کو کیا فائدہ پہنچتا ہے۔ اس کا مطالعہ معاشرے پر کیا اثرات مرتّب کرتا ہے۔
لائبریری کا وجود خواہ وہ سکول لائبریری ہو، خواہ وہ پبلک لائبریری ہو ،خواہ وہ ذاتی لائبریری ہو ملک و قوم کی تعمیر و ترقی میں انتہائی ضروری ہے۔ اساتذہ اور طلباء کے لیے کتب خانہ کی کتابوں کا مطالعہ انتہائی ناگزیر ہے، اسا تذہ کونئی تحقیقات سے بہرہ ور ہونے کا موقع میسر آتا ہے اور طلباء بھی اپنی نصابی اور غیر نصابی معلومات میں اضافہ کرتے ہیں۔ چنانچہ ہرتعلیمی ادارے میں معیاری لائبریری کا وجودضروری ہے۔ اس کے بغیر وہ ادارہ ایسا ہے جیسانخلستان چشمے کے بغیر یا ایک گھر پانی کے بغیر ،لائبریری گویا ایک چشمہ ہے جس کے آب زلال سے تشنگانِ علم و دانش اپنی پیاس بجھاتے ہیں۔
تاریخ کی ورق گردانی کریں تو یہ بات روزِ روشن کی طرح عیاں ہوتی ہے کہ مسلمانوں کو کتب بینی و مطالعہ میں ہمیشہ ایک امتیازی مقام حاصل رہا ہے۔ اسلام کے زمانۂ عروج میں مسلمان اُمراء میں لائبریری کا اہم مقابلہ ہوتا تھا۔ جس شخص کے پاس جتنا بڑا کتب خانہ...
Coronaviruses are a huge family of viruses that originate disease extending from the common cold to further fatal maladies. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the gender based differences in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Study included total 150 participants visiting Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected through self-structured questionnaire using non-probability convenient sampling. Prior written informed consents were taken from the participants. Ethical approval was taken fromThe University of Lahore, Lahore. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 25.0. Results: Results showed that among the comorbidities hypertension was most common in COVID-19 patients followed by diabetes mellitus, especially in females. Whereas renal disorders and asthma were most reported in males. Analysis revealed that there was a significant association (p=0.001) between disease severity and gender. Conclusion: Study concluded that there was significant association between gender and disease severity.
The three dehydrin genes of Eucalyptus species, the dehydrin-1 (EgDHN-1), dehydrin-2 (EgDHN-2) and dehydrin-10 (EgDHN-10) were isolated from local Eucalyptus globulus species for transformation in different varieties of potato for developing abiotic stress tolerance. These three lysine rich dehydrin genes of Eucalyptus have not been reported earlier to be manipulated for genetic engineering or for transformation into a crop plant. The genes were amplified from DNA as well as mRNA (through cDNA). The amplified genes were cloned in TA cloning vector. Cloned dehydrin genes were sequenced and detailed in silico analyses were conducted. Complete sequence of EgDHN-10 gene was obtained from DNA including introns. Coding sequence from its mRNA was also complete and found 92% similar with EgDHN-10 of Eucalyptus globulus after DNA BLAST analyses. The sequencing data of other genes obtained incomplete that showed 99% and 98% homology, after DNA BLAST analyses, with Predicted Eucalyptus grandis Rab18 gene and Eucalyptus globulus EgDHN-1 gene respectively. 297bp long sequence of EgDHN-10 that codes for mature peptide was further sub-cloned in E. coli expression vector pET30a. The sequence was submitted to the NCBI (MG948256.1) and it had extra integration of five electrically charged amino acids (two positively charged Histidine, one negatively charged Glutamate, and two negatively charged Aspartate residues) and one Lysine (K). The presence of one extra K residue is very important for enhanced stress tolerance activity of the transformed dehydrin protein due to its role in functions of K-segments. Presence of more charged amino acids in the binding surface of dehydrin protein enhances its capability to bind with other macromolecules, reactive oxygen species and free metal ions.IPTG induced successful expression of EgDHN-10, cloned in pET30a, was detected in E. coli BL21 ii DE3 strain by protein dot blot analysis. After getting excellent expression of Eucalyptus globulus EgDHN-10 gene outside Eucalyptus cell’s environment, the gene was sub-cloned in pCAMBIA 1301 plant binary vector and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefascience. The nodal regions of three potato cultivars, the Cardinal, Sante and Lady Rosetta, were infected with transformed Agrobacterium (through co-cultivation) carrying EgDHN-10. Putative transgenic plants were first screened by GUS assay and PCR. The successful integration of EgDHN-10 gene in potato genome was confirmed by DNA dot blot analysis. The EgDHN-10 gene’s expression was confirmed from potato mRNA by PCR and real time quantitative PCR. In some plants up to 12 folds DHN 10 expression was observed through qPCR. The acquired abiotic stress tolerance was quantified in stressed transformed potato plants by ion leakage assay (ILA) of cell rupture to select the stable transgenic plants. The stress tolerant transformed plants of Cardinal, Sante and Lady Rosetta were maintained in plant tissue culture setup and pots. The transgenic Sante variety was multiplied and maintained in CAMB trial field in an experiment of growth promoting effect of biofertilizer on trial field plants. The stress tolerant Sante plants showed significant difference over control plants in studied plant growth parameters like plant height, maximum root length, number of roots and number of multiple shoots formation, number and weight of tuber formation.