تعلیم نسواں
علم جہاں پہنچتا ہے اندھیرے سے نکال کر روشنی میں لے جاتا ہے ،ظلمت سے ضیاء کی طرف روانگی ہو جاتی ہے، جہالت سے شعور وآگہی کا سفر شروع ہو جاتا ہے۔ علم ایک ایسی دولت ہے جو انسان کواوجِ ثرّیا تک پہنچا دیتی ہے۔ علم ایک ایسازینہ ہے جس سے معرفتِ الٰہی کے محل کی طرف رسائی ممکن ہے۔ علم کے زیور سے مرصعّ شخص معاشرے کے ماتھے کا جھومر ہوتے ہیں۔ علم کی حقیقتوں سے آشنائی ایک عظمت ہے اس طرح عورت علم کے زیور سے مزیّن ہوگی تو معاشرہ سنور جائے گا۔
مردوں کی بھی تعلیم ضروری تو ہے مگر
پڑھ جائے جو خاتون تو نسلیں سنوار دے
تعلیم نسواں سے مراد عورتوں کی تعلیم ہے۔ مردوں کی طرح عورتوں کے لیے بھی حصول علم بہت ضروری ہے۔ عورت اور مرد زندگی کی گاڑی کے دو پہیے ہیں۔ ان دونوں پہیوں کا صحیح ہونا بہت ضروری ہے۔ ورنہ زندگی کی گاڑی ٹھیک طرح سے چل نہ سکے گی۔ کوئی قوم اس وقت تک ترقی نہیں کرسکتی جب تک اس قوم کی عورتیں زیورِ تعلیم سے آراستہ نہ ہوں۔
نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمکا ارشاد ہے کہ’’ علم حاصل کرنا ہر مسلمان مرد اور عورت پر فرض ہے۔‘‘ اس حدیث مبارکہ سے مرد اور عورت دونوں کی خاطر علم کی اہمیت واضح ہوتی ہے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمنے اپنی تعلیمات سے آگاہی کے لیے عورتوں کے لیے بھی ہفتے میں ایک دن مقرر کیا تھا۔ اس کے علاوہ ازواجِ مطہرات بھی عورتوں کو دین کی باتیں سکھایا کرتی تھیں۔ دانائوں کا قول ہے کہ’’ ایک مردکی تعلیم ایک فردکی تعلیم ہے، جبکہ ایک عورت کی تعلیم ایک خاندان کی تعلیم ہے‘‘ عورت کی آغوش ہی بچے کی پہلی درسگاہ ہے۔ یہ جو کچھ اپنی ماں...
“Gender equality” is certainly not another concept, this approach had been advocated in Islam, based on principles of equity and universal justice. Equality of rights are discussed in detail in sharīʿah (Islamic Law) and Holy Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (had implemented them during his sacred era. Because the Qur'an and the Seer’ah of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (is a permanent phenomenon of practice and guidance. According to the sharīʿah men and women without any discrimination are equal before Allah, and women had granted their rights in inheritance and property, social and marriage rights, not aforementioned only, women also have the right to perform civic and administrative duties. From last few decades the concept of gender equality has increased and becoming chicer and trending on the international level. This study emphasizes the equal status between men and women, described in sharīʿah (Islamic Law; based upon Qur’an and Hadith mainly). This concept has often been misunderstood by the majority of society as a direct result of ignorance on how Islam perceives this concept. Not surprisingly, throughout the history of Islam indicates the prominent role has played by Muslim women played every walk of life. Therefore, the present research has discussed the gender equality in fiqh ul seerah perspective and has provided the detailed interpretation in the light of derived Law from actions and decisions taken by the Holy Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم, (along this the study also sheds lights upon the implementation of these gender-based rights during most sacred prophetic era and during the period of righteous caliphate as well.
Low concentration of boron (B) is essential to plant growth and may limit the growth in excess quantity especially under saline conditions. Limited information was available regarding B toxicity on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under saline conditions. The present studies were conducted to investigate the interactive effect of salinity and B toxicity. Hydroponics and pot studies were conducted at various B levels under normal and saline conditions. First, 10 sunflower genotypes were screened out against salinity in water culture (control, 60,120 and 180 mM NaCl). SF-187 and S-278 were ranked as tolerant to salinity whereas, Hysun-33 and Hysun-38 were categorized as sensitive genotypes against salinity. These genotypes were grown in hydroponics under saline and non-saline conditions and at control, 0.5 and 1.0 mM boron. Physical and chemical characteristics determined showed reduction in shoot fresh and dry weight was more in salt-sensitive genotypes (Hysun-33 and Hysun-38) than in salt tolerant genotypes (SF- 187 and S-278). Salt-tolerant genotypes accumulate less boron and Na + , while more K + in shoot than salt-sensitive genotypes. Root B and K + accumulation were decreased in saline conditions than non-saline conditions while Na + concentration in root increased in saline conditions. Result regarding relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI) showed a reduction pattern with the increasing level of boron toxicity both under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt-tolerant genotypes showed more RWC and MSI than salt sensitive genotypes under saline conditions along with boron toxicity. Photosynthetic rate (PR) stomatal conductance (SC) and transpiration rate (TR) were also decreased with salinity and toxic levels of boron, and salt tolerant genotypes showed better response regarding PR, SC and TR than salt sensitive genotypes. Achene yield per plant decreased under saline conditions along with toxic level of boron and salt tolerant genotypes showed less % reduction than salt sensitive genotypes. Boron and potassium concentrations decreased under saline conditions, while Na + concentration increased under saline conditions (alone) and saline condition and B at 5 ppm concentration. Salt- tolerant genotypes had accumulated less Na + and B concentration and more K + concentration in shoot. Genotypes (SF-187 and S-278) were promising genotypes under saline conditions along with boron toxicity and can be directly used by farmers or may be used for the development of more salinity tolerant sunflower genotypes by the breeders.