غزل ---عنبرین خان
بتاؤ کون کہتا ہے, محبت بس کہانی ہے
محبت کو خدارا تم ,کبھی بھی کھیل مت سمجھو
محبت پھول کی خوشبو, محبت رنگ تتلی کا
محبت اک اشارہ ہے, وفا کا استعارہ ہے
زمیں والے! بتاؤ کس طرح سمجھیں محبت کو
محبت روشنی ہے, رنگ ہے, خوشبو ہے , نغمہ ہے
محبت ماؤں کا آنچل, محبت باپ کی شفقت
محبت ہے بہن کی اور ہے بھائی کی الفت بھی
محبت حق کا کلمہ ہے, محبت چاشنی من کی
محبت تو ازل سے ہے,محبت تا ابد ہوگی
فنا ہو جاۓ گی دنیا, فنا ہو جائیں گے ہم تم
محبت کا احاطہ اور کن الفاظ سے ہوگا
محبت تو صحیفہ ہے, محبت آسمانی ہے
محبت معجزہ ہے معجزوں کی ترجمانی ہے
محبت پربتوں کی جھیل کا شفاف پانی ہے
محبت اک ستارہ ہے, فلک کی بیکرانی ہے
محبت تو زمیں پر آسمانوں کی نشانی ہے
محبت اڑتا پنچھی ہے, محبت بہتا پانی ہے
محبت رب کی رحمت کا جہاں میں نقش ثانی ہے
محبت کھیلتا بچہ ہے اور چڑھتی جوانی ہے
محبت روح کا مرہم, دلوں کی حکمرانی ہے
محبت تو ہے آفاقی,زمانی نہ مکانی ہے
محبت باقی رہ جاۓ گی,یہ تو جاودانی ہے
محبت تو محبت ہے,محبت زندگانی ہے
Sources of Quranic Narrates of Syda Mariam (AS): A Critical Analysis of Orientalistic Approach Origin of the Qur’ᾱnic narrates towards Mariam Virgin (AS) has broadly been under debate in orientalist studies. Orientalist, in general, have had the opinion that Qur’ᾱnic stories of virgin Mariam were not the divine revelation; these are plagiarized and utilized from Christian apocryphal sources and literature like Arabic Gospel of infancy and Protoevangelium of James. This research paper’s questions were that according to Orientalist: is it true that the sources of Qur’ᾱnic Stories of Mariam (AS) are plagiarized from apocryphal Christian literature and Quran has done mistake about name of Mariam (AS)'s father and brother. This research is historical and textual. In conclusion, if anyone who has sincerely studied dating apocryphal literature and its dating should be able to see that his sincerity negates taking data for making Qur'ᾱnic narrates towards virgin Mariam (AS) from Christian apocryphal impacts upon Qur'ᾱnic narrate and also this paper shows that Christian developed their apocryphal literature after revelation of Quran.
Behavioral finance is an emerging field and limited work has been done in this field in the developing countries. This field of study comes into play when the traditional rational theories fail to explain the abnormalities in the market behavior. It incorporates human psychology and sociology to explain market anomalies. In this study, one specific market behavior, disposition effect, is analyzed, which is driven by human psychology. The disposition effect is the tendency of investors to sell winning stocks too early and holding losing stocks for toe long. As per the traditional market theory, a rational investor would sell off stock with falling prices to minimize portfolio losses. However, if intuitive thinking overpowers a rational decision-maker, the investor would want to keep holding on a losing stock in anticipation of the rising in price, thus aggregating portfolio losses. In addition to this, the relationship between the holding period and the illiquidity of the stock is analyzed. It is believed that stocks with greater illiquidity require higher transaction costs to be traded as the bid-ask spread is higher; therefore stocks with greater illiquidity should have longer holding periods. To empirically test these theories, data of the Pakistan Stock Exchange is taken from the fiscal year 2012 to 2017 for all non-financial firms. The variables included are holding period, annual return, illiquidity, market capitalization and volatility of each stock. The data type demands a static panel data analysis, where the unit of the cross-section is each firm and each year is the unit of time-series. The intercept model of the panel data analysis is used to analyze the data using both random effect and fixed-effect model. Pooled OLS regression is also done to get the best results out of all three models. According to literature, there is the problem of simultaneity between the holding period and illiquidity, which causes biased estimates of parameters due to endogeneity. To overcome the issue, a lagged illiquidity instrument is used in place of the endogenous variable. Thus, our estimation method is converted to two-stage least square estimation. The results validate the literature, by showing a positive relationship between the holding period and illiquidity. Furthermore, in the second series of regression, results show that Pakistani investors are rational decision-makers. However, after the sample is dissected, it is shown that investors, who invest in firms with greater trading activity and larger firm size, tend to exhibit disposition effect