مولانا مفتی عبداللطیف
افسوس ہے گزشتہ مہینہ مولانامفتی عبداللطیف صاحب کا علی گڑھ میں انتقال ہوگیا۔ مرحوم عوام میں مشہور نہ تھے لیکن ارباب علم کے طبقہ میں بڑی بلند شخصیت رکھتے تھے۔ استاذ العلماء مولانا لطف اﷲ صاحب کے ارشد تلامذہ میں سے تھے۔ علوم دینیہ میں بڑی پختہ استعداد اورایک خاص درک وبصیرت کے مالک تھے۔ سالہاسال جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد میں شعبۂ دینیات کے صدررہے، وہاں سے سبکدوش ہوکر علی گڑھ آگئے اوریہاں بھی یہی خدمت انجام دینے لگے، آخراس سے بھی سبکدوش ہوکر خانہ نشین ہوگئے۔ مگر مطالعہ اوردرس کامشغلہ آخر تک جاری رہا، چھوٹے بڑے چند رسالے اور دو ایک کتابیں بھی لکھی ہیں۔ اٹھاسی برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی مگر قویٰ خاص طورپر دماغ آخر وقت تک کام کرتے رہے۔باطنی احوال وکوائف سے بھی ناآشنا نہیں تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت و رحمت کی بیش ازبیش نعمتوں سے سرفرازفرمائے۔آمین [جنوری۱۹۶۰ء]
This paper aims at an evaluation of various approaches to define and redefine the classical theory of the I‘jaz (the inimitability of the Qur’ān) in the perspective of the challenges and problems faced by the Muslim society emphasising a need to cope with the rational thinking, modernity, scientific progress, psychological advancement and civilizational development, though there has been a comparatively lesser description of the rhetoricism of the Qur’ān too. It provides an account of scholarship exploring some novel dimensions of the matchlessness of the Qur’ān in the contemporaneous context. They have justified rationally and psychologically the Qur’ānic historic challenge of producing a book or its some surahs or few verses similar to the Qur’ān that has offered the irresistible call to the whole mankind: “Say: “If the whole of mankind and Jinns were to gather together to produce the like of this Qur’ān, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they backed up each other with help and support”. (Al-Isra 17: 88) The same challenge occurs in the Qur’ān on three previous occasions (Al-Baqarah, 2: 23-24; Yunus 10: 38, and Hūd 11: 13) and later also in al-Tūr (52: 33-34). The content of all the verses referred to above is in response to the allegation of the unbelievers that the Qur’ān had been composed by the Prophet (peace be on him) and then falsely ascribed to God. All this was refuted. This refutation of the Qur’ān was logically established by the modern Arabic scholars through their sound arguments.
Isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (IPU)], one of the phenylurea herbicides, is extensively used across the globe in agricultural fields to overcome the pre- and post-emergence of broad leaf weeds in cereal cultures. Intensive use of IPU is becoming a source of ground and surface water contamination. Several problems including cancer, endocrine disruption and inhibition of growth in humans, animals and plants are related to IPU toxicity. Keeping in view the environmental concerns associated with IPU, there is a need to develop the strategies for removal of IPU from our environment. In this regard, the present study was conducted firstly to estimate the potential of natural adapted microbial communities for biodegradation of IPU within the agricultural fields of Shorkot, Faisalabad and Sahiwal repeatedly exposed with this herbicide. The in-field spatial variability in IPU degradation within the field was correlated with the prevailing physicochemical properties of the respective soils and was found positively correlated with the organic matter content, total organic carbon as well as the abundance of culturable heterotrophic microorganisms and negatively correlated with the pH. The soil showing a good potential for removal of IPU was used to isolate the bacterial strain having the capability for biodegradation of this herbicide through enrichment culturing using IPU as a sole source of C and N. In this study, a bacterial strain designated as Sphingobium sp. S29 was found to have the potential for biodegradation of isoproturon. The sequence of whole genome of Sphingobium sp. S29 was also sorted using CLC for the functional IPU degrading genes and a putative pdmAB gene potentially involved in the initial steps of IPU degradation was identified. The strain S29 had the potential to degrade known metabolites of IPU including monodemthylisoproturon, didemtheyl-isoproturon and 4-isopropyl aniline as well as other structurally related phenylurea herbicides including diuron and chlorotuluron. The biodegradation of IPU by this strain was optimal under shaking at 30˚C and at 8.0 pH. The bioaugmentation study of the isolated bacterial strain carried out in soil microcosms revealed that this strain has a good potential for biodegradation of isoproturon in the soil in the presence of 24% moisture content and at 30 ˚C. Based on the findings of this study, it might be concluded that the isoproturon dissipation in the agricultural fields in variable not only from field to field but also at different points within the same field thanks to the prevailing physicochemical biological properties of the soils. Moreover, it can also be concluded that the strain Sphingobium sp. S29 can serve as a potential candidate for devising the strategies for bioremediation of the soils contaminated with isoproturon.