پرنس انجم قدر ؍ میجر علی حماد عباسی
آل انڈیا شیعہ کانفرنس کے صدر پرنس انجم قدر کی وفات ملک و ملت کا بڑا حادثہ ہے، سنیوں سے بھی ان کے روابط تھے، وہ دونوں فرقوں میں اتحاد و مفاہمت کے بڑے حامی تھے اور مشترکہ ملی مسائل کے حل کے لیے سنیوں کے ساتھ ہر جدوجہد میں شریک رہتے تھے۔ مسلم پرنسپل لابورڈ، مسلم مجلس مشاورت اور بابری مسجد تحریک سے ان کا گہرا تعلق تھا، دوسرا حادثہ میجر علی حماد عباسی کی اچانک وفات ہے۔ وہ شبلی کالج میں انگریزی کے استاد اور آخر میں پرنسپل ہوئے، پڑھنے لکھنے کا اچھا ذوق تھا اور مشرقی و مغربی ادب پر خاصی نظر تھی۔ وقتاً فوقتاً طنزیہ و مزاحیہ اور ادبی و تنقیدی مضامین لکھتے تھے جن کے بعض مجموعے چھپ گئے ہیں، طالب علمی کے زمانے ہی سے دارالمصنفین برابر آتے تھے جس کا سلسلہ آخر تک قائم رہا۔ پروفیسر مجیب الحسن کی کتاب کشمیر انڈر سلطانز کا اردو ترجمہ ’’کشمیر سلاطین کے عہد میں‘‘ کے نام سے کیا جو دارالمصنفین سے شائع ہوا۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، ستمبر ۱۹۹۷ء)
Impact of Christian Monasticism and Islamic Mysticism on Various Aspects of Human Life: An Analysis from Islamic Perspective The science of Islamic belief "علم العقيدة" has been considered as most significant disciplines among different branches of knowledge as it played an essential, rather cardinal role in human life. This scholarly work intends to look into development of Monasticism in Christianity and Mysticism in Islam in different phases and its impact upon human life. Qualitative and descriptive research methodology has been applied for analysis of data. The research has particularly addressed four noteworthy aspects of the theme: firstly, Historical development of Monasticism in Christianity, secondly; Development of monastic tendencies in Islamic mysticism thirdly; Reflections of Monasticism upon various aspects of human life, and finally; Analysis of Monasticism in the light of Quran and Sunnah. The review of literature disclosed that monasticism is one of the main contributions of Christianity which later on influenced Islamic mysticism. Through centuries of contact it has left an immense influence upon Muslim societies which has changed the real picture of Islam. In the beginning, it was considered the source of self-purification but unfortunately lately it has developed into more mundane phenomenon. Recently it has been utilized as a source of income for spiritual masters and has produced complex mixture of superstitions for the community. Despite of that it has been argued that the real form of Mysticism could not be overlooked thus the Islamic mysticism has been divided into three categories by Muslim scholars: legislated (شرعي), heresy (بدعي), and infidelity (كفري). In this short paper the main focus will be on the impact of Christian monasticism on Islamic Sufism in general and that of Islamic Sufism on social life in particular.
The dominant approach developed in academy and industry has largely focused on the development of internationally recognized perspectives, frameworks and instruments. And there are different methods (scales, indices, databases and content analysis) to measure several corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspectives (including unidimensional concept, stakeholder theory, triple bottom line, Carroll’s CSR pyramid, and corporate sustainability) but all of them have some limitations. An instrument measuring different dimensions and factors of CSR that incorporates almost all major perspectives through theoretically and industrially viable method is still missing. Therefore, the study explores and measures the broader, applicable and viable perspective of corporate (life) sustainability through scale based index by providing theoretical base to industry practice. 300 senior managers and directors of 90 companies from Petroleum, Telecom, Banking, Media and Fertilizers & Chemicals industries are surveyed. CLS index is developed through identification of three major dimensions which include business sustainability, environment sustainability and humane sustainability. Constituents of business sustainability include marketing practices, business code of conduct, corruption & bribery, sustainable business performance and corporate governance. Environmental sustainability comprises of eco-efficiency, environmental priorities, health & safety and environmental reporting. Whereas, community welfare, employee rights, work-life balance, human capital development, discrimination & grievance are constructs of humane sustainability. Exploratory factor analysis is applied and 53 items are extracted in scale development process. Furthermore, principal component analysis is also applied for assigning weights to 14 factors in index development. This scale based index is used to rank companies and track their multi-facet performance in various industries. It also provides relief to industry from academic criticism on one side and provides alternative to being measured on several indices for different aspects of CSR on the other. This study serves as paradigm shift in consolidating CSR contemporary theories, perspectives and measurements with its global viability and ubiquitous applicability through establishing theory, scale and index of corporate life sustainability. Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Life Sustainability, Corporate Sustainability, Business Sustainability, Environment Sustainability, Humane Sustainability, Theory Development, Scale Development, Index Development