مولوی محمد عبدالرحمن خاں
افسوس ہے کہ مخدومی جناب مولوی محمد عبدالرحمن خاں صاحب صدر حیدر آباد اکاڈمی کی رحلت پریہ کلماتِ تعزیت بہت تاخیرسے پیش کیے جارہے ہیں۔ مرحوم اپنے وقت کے بہت بڑے فاضل، علومِ جدیدہ کے محقق، ماہرِ فلکیات اور بہت سی قابلِ قدر انگریزی اور اردو کتابوں کے مصنف تھے۔ ندوۃ المصنفین سے نہایت گہرا اور مخلصانہ ربط وتعلق رکھتے تھے اور ہمیشہ اپنے قیمتی مشوروں سے نوازتے رہتے تھے ۔۱۹۴۴ء میں ادارے کے تعارف اور اس کے حلقوں کی توسیع کے سلسلہ میں حیدرآباد جانا ہوا توجن بزرگوں نے اس خدمت میں بیش از بیش حصّہ لیا تھا اُن میں مرحوم کا نام سرفہرست تھا۔ اس کے علاوہ انھوں نے اپنی بعض گراں قدر تالیفات کے مسودے بھی کسی معاوضے کے بغیر ’’ندوۃ المصنفین ‘‘ کے حوالے کردیے ،چنانچہ ’’قرونِ وسطیٰ کے مسلمانوں کی علمی خدمات‘‘، ’’تاریخ اسلام پرایک طائر انہ نظر‘‘ اور ’’تحفۃ النُظّار‘‘(خلاصہ سفرنامہ ابن بطوطہ)جو مرحوم کی نہایت مفید ،تحقیقی اور اہم تالیفات ہیں اسی ادارے سے شائع ہوئی ہیں۔
اس صدی کے شروع میں ’’جامعہ عثمانیہ‘‘ کے قیام کاجو خواب دکن کے ارباب ِ علم وفضل نے دیکھا تھا اس کی تعبیر میں جتنا عملی حصّہ خاں صاحب مرحوم کا تھا کسی دوسرے کاکم ہی ہوگا۔مرحوم کم وبیش پچیس سال تک اس عظیم الشان ادارے کے نہ صرف صدر رہے بلکہ اپنے خلوص،محنت ودیانت ،عزم وہمّت اور بے پناہ جذبۂ عمل سے اس میں زندگی کی روح پھونک دی ،پھر وہ وقت بھی آیا کہ جامعہ کے تمام قدیم وجدید شعبوں میں اُردو کوذریعہ تعلیم بنانے والایہ فاضلِ اجل حیدرآباد کے جاگیر دارانہ نظام کی سازشوں کاشکار ہوکر گوشہ نشین ہوگیا اور رفتہ رفتہ اس کے کارنامے طاقِ نسیاں کی نذر ہوگئے۔مگر گردشِ لیل ونہار کی ستم ظریفی بھی قابلِ ملاحظہ ہے کہ ۴۷ء کے انقلاب کی...
During Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's term as Prime Minister, the law and order situation deteriorated throughout the country in general, and in the provinces of NorthWest Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Balochistan in particular. For multiple reasons, the mutual distrust between Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the political leaders of the respective provinces never allowed them to overcome their personal and party interests and establish a harmonious working relationship. Accusations of conspiracy, worsening law and order, and political assassinations, were the dilemmas that agitated the whole country. One of the victims of the political assassination was Hayat Muhammad Khan Sherpao, a leading activist of the Pakistan People's Party and former Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The incident of his murder commenced the series of legal disputes and cases of treason filed against the opposition leaders in courts and tribunals, which marred the political scenario of the country till the very end of the Bhutto era. The lack of research on political assassinations in Pakistan is a crucial oversight, especially considering the frequency of the phenomenon and its implications. This study attempts to highlight the main theoretical and political implications of assassinations and identifies some promising directions for further research, in the hope that this unique type of political violence will be better understood in the future.
Distribution engineers investigate economical and technical feasibility of new capacity expansion alternatives. Distributed generation (DG) can be used effectively to support the customer’s power quality requirements. DG is an imperative tool that can partially replace the need to erect new generating stations in order to cope with the increasing load demands. However, numerous complexities arise like parallel operation of DG within existing system, phenomena of islanding and its detection, micro grid operation, monitoring and control etc. Several techniques have been developed for the effective detection of islanding. These techniques have numerous deficiencies. First of all, a majority of these islanding detection techniques have been developed only for balanced three phase load. No single-phase load and unbalanced three phase loads have been considered. Secondly, successful transfer into autonomous micro grid operation requires islanding detection and a subsequent change in control strategy of micro grid DG units. Thirdly, this operation causes large amount of current flow out of the micro grid into the fault, resulting in severely depressed micro grid bus voltage. In this research work, the emphasis is to improve these problems and overcome the drawbacks of existing techniques. The aims and objectives of this study are to develop a novel islanding detection technique, reliable, effective and efficient operation of DG in coordination with main utility network as well as power quality improvement for essential load. In order to improve the power quality of distribution network and to detect the islanding phenomena with DG, innovative techniques are required to implement the solution and mitigate the problems effectively. In this research study, using an analytical approach, two algorithms have been designed; a comprehensive algorithm for the implementation of distributed generation (IDG) by finding the optimal size and location of ivDG for power quality improvement and a new islanding detection algorithm (NIDA) for islanding detection under multiple distributed generation scenarios. The proposed algorithms can be utilized effectively to enhance the feeder performance having randomly distributed loads. The algorithms have been designed in “C language” and are based upon the power quality improvement of distribution feeder in terms of node voltage profile enhancement, power loss reduction and islanding detection in multi-DG scenario. The newly designed algorithms outperform the conventional approaches, which encounter numerous complexities during their implementation. The designed algorithms have the capabilities to operate under uniform and non-uniform loads with low power factor for both single DG and multi-DG scenario. The suggested algorithms have been implemented on different feeders including, 11kV feeder, 12.5kV feeder and IEEE 34 bus feeder. The feeders have been simulated in “C-language” and the results have been verified. The simulation results show that the algorithms can be implemented efficiently to detect the islanding phenomena and enhance the distribution system performance in terms of node voltage profile improvement and power loss reduction.