مسلم سکھ تصادم اور قتل و غارت
انگریز راج سے پہلے پنجاب سکھو ں کی سلطنت کے تحت تھا۔مسلمان ایک قیدی جیسی زندگی گزار رہے تھے نہ وہ اذان دے سکتے تھے، گائے ذبح کیے جانے تک پر موت کی سزا کا حکم جاری ہوتا تھا۔جنگ کے دوران سکھ خود کو بچانے کیلییمسلمان خواتین کو گھرو ں سے نکال لاتے اور ٹینکوں کے اردگرد باندھ دیتے تاکہ مسلمان حملہ نہ کرپائے۔یہ تھی جنگ کے دوران بربریت کی حالت سکھ قوم جب بھی تشدد کرتی تو زیادہ تر مسلمانوں کو ہی اپنے تشدد کا نشانہ بناتی لوٹ مار کرتے ہوئے بے تکلفی سے کام لیتی۔مسلمانوں کے بڑے مقبروں سے بھی سکھ قوم نے پتھر اکھیڑ دیے۔ان حالات کو دیکھتے ہوئے مسلمان قوم اس حکومت کے ختم ہونے پر شکر ہی کرسکتی تھی۔ ہمارے ملک نے الگ پہچان پانے کیلئے نہ جانے کتنی سختیاں برداشت کی ہیں، آج کا انسان اس بات کا اندازہ لگا ہی نہیں سکتا۔
تقسیم ہند کے کچھ واقعات ایسے ہیں کہ جن کو سن کر پڑھ کر دل خون کے آنسو روتا ہے ، روح کانپ جاتی ہے۔یہ ہم ہیں جو سنتے ہیں ،صرف محسوس کرتے ہیں تو روح کانپ جاتی ہے تو وہ لوگ جنہوں نے اس کو جھیلا ہے، ان کو سوچ کر آنکھیں اشکبار ہوجاتی ہیں۔تقسیم پاک وہند میں اپنی جانیں،عزتیں ،مال ودولت سب کچھ قربان کردیا صرف اپنے اس پاک وطن کی خاطر۔وہ دن جب اس خوشی کااعلان کیا گیا تو ہر طرف ہنگامہ ہو گیا۔خوشی تھی کہ قیام پاکستان کا اعلان کیا گیا وہ مبارک 27 رمضان المبارک کی کڑی صبح اپنے ساتھ ساتھ غم کا پیغام بھی لائی کہ ہمارے مسلم بے یارو مددگار کہیں مردہ تو کہیں زندہ پڑے نظر آئے۔یہ ایک کڑا امتحان تھا ہمارے لیے...
Muhammad ibn ‘Umr Al-Wqid is considered to be one of the most famous early Muslim historians. Despite being disputed among the circle of Muhaddithn, he was popular among the early Muslim historians. He got recognition and fame as a historian in the 2nd half of 2nd century of Hijrah. In fact, he was an outstanding historian who introduced new trends in writing and composition of historic narratives. The early Muslim historians cited and quoted Al-Wqid freely where they needed him without any kind of reluctance. It is well to know that western orientalists pay special attention to AlWqid and his book "Al-Maghz ". Perhaps it is not due to their biasness or impartiality, but for the excellent work of Al-Wqid. In this regard, they think that Al-Wqid is more accurate and clear in giving details and judgments about historical events than any other early Muslim historian. Al-Wqid 's dating of historical events is more acute and correct. He owns what he produces and narrates. Moreover, he seems to be sensitive and aware of consequences of what he writes in his book " Al-Maghz ", that is why we see him sometime indulging in some issues extra-ordinarily and proving and disproving what he thinks right or wrong by logical (internal and external) criticism. Al-Wqid explores historical events and tries to know about root causes of their happening and finally analyzes their consequences. These are some special qualities of Al-Wqid 's work in the eyes of western orientalists. In this article, I have tried to highlight these aspects of Al-Wqid 's work from the oriental literature.
The Civil Society (C.S) in Pakistan though has developed over the years and gained vibrancy and strength to some extent. But it could not achieve much success as compared to its counterpart in Turkey. This research study involved primary as well as secondary sources as a part of this exploration.The methodology used in this study is a mixture of Quantitative and Qualitative Methods and mostly used traditional historical approach. Sampling involved people from different sections of C.S comprising of lawyers, teachers, parliamentarians and students regarding relationship and impact of civil society on democratization in Pakistan and Turkey. This is a pioneer study to use the Liberal Democratic Model as the frame work for addressing the subject. Liberal Democracy is practiced in most of the countries of the world. Its‟ important elements are: representative democracy, electoral choice and competition. There is a clear division between the C.S and the state. One to one interviews have been conducted from different people belonging to different areas in Pakistan. After analysis of the data the themes were presented to the participants for them to verify or refute. According to the researcher incompetent and corrupt leadership along with lack of influential middle class are responsible for a weak and fragmented civil society.In case of Turkey the civil society was also fragmented and weak but there has been a shift from ideologically centred activity towards issue oriented activity and assistance from external actors. By examining different reasons why civil society in Pakistan has not been able to achieve the level of democratization and success as compared to that achieved in Turkey, viable solutions and suggestions to improve the situation have been proposed.