الباب الرابع: شعر نازك الملائكة وبروین شاکر (دراسة مقارنة)
في ھذا الباب سأتحدث في الفصل الأول عن أشعار نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر(المتشابھۃ) وسأوضح أوجہ التشابہ فیما بینھما وھذا لا یدل علی أن لیست ھناك۔ إختلافات فیما بینھما في ھذہ القصائد ولکن أقصد من الأشعار المتشابھۃ أن التشابہ في الأفکار والأسلوب والأحزان ورأیھما في الحیاۃ قریب جداً من بعضھما البعض أما في الفصل الثاني فسأتحدث عن أشعار نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر(المختلفۃ) وأقصد من ذلک أن الإختلافات في قصائدھما أکثر من المتشابھات، وقد عملتُ بکل جھدي وتعبي فی تقدیم ھذا العمل وقمتُ بشرح مجمل بسیط لأشعارھما ومقارنتھما بشکل إجمالي دون التعمق في النقد والبلاغۃ۔
Aim: To evaluate the immediate effects of various activity levels on knee joint position sense.
Methodology: Sixty males aged between 19 and 24 years, without any complains of discomfort or pain in the knee joint were selected from Bakhtawar Amin Hospital, Multan using convenience sampling, between April 2nd, 2019 to July 28th, 2019. Group A participants walked on the treadmill at a speed of 4 km/h for 5 min (n = 20). Group B participants ran on a treadmill at 6.4 km per hour for five minutes (n = 20). Group C participants sprinted on a treadmill at 8.5 km per hour for five minutes (n = 20).
Results: Mean age of the subjects was 21.18±1.77. In the moderate physical activity group, the difference in the means in passive reproduction of the knee flexion angle of 20o observed was 1.40±2.39, (p-value 0.013), and similarly in intense physical activity was 1.75±3.58 (p-value 0.020). For the knee flexion angle of 40o, the difference in the means for moderate was 1.35±1.84 (p=0.002), and for the intense activity was 2.35±2.27 (p=0.012). However, in the group with mild physical activity, the difference in the means was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: The study indicated that physical activities of moderate level and intense level decrease the joint position sense appreciation at the knee joint in less active healthy individuals.
In this study, we investigate mathematical models of cutaneous and visceral strains of leishmaniasis. The models help in analyzing and understanding di erent dy- namics of leishmaniasis. The study focuses both zoonotic and anthroponotic syn- dromes. While formulating di erent compartments of the models we used medical research, carried out on di erent stages of leishmaniasis. First, we design a mathematical model of Zoonotic Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) taking into account humans, vectors and reservoirs. The total population is as- sumed as homogenously mixed. The results show that the disease can be con- trolled if sand y bitting rate is controlled. However for disease eradication from the community, vector control must be followed by human treatment and reservoir control. We have formulated mathematical model of Visceral leishmaniasis. The model incorporates both Visceral leishmaniasis and its further complication; Post Kala- Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. The disease can be eradicated in short time if e ective medicines are used and vector control is focussed. Mathematical model for optimal control of Anthroponotic Visceral leishmaniasis is presented. The model incorporatesrst line and second line treatment. On the basis of sensitivity analysis of the reproduction number, we propose four control strategies. For quanti cation of prevalence period of the disease, we perform nu- merical simulations. The results show that the disease can be eradicated however the prolonged prevalence of PKDL needs special attention. Mathematical model to describe sensitivity analysis and optimal control of An- throponotic Cutaneous Leishmania is designed. with the help of sensitivity indices wend the relative importance of the role of di erent parameters, in the transmis- sion of ACL. We address three key parameters; sand y biting rate, mortality rate of sand ies, and healing (recovery) rate of infectious humans. For this we intro- duce three control variables (strategies), in the optimal control problem, each for reducing sand y biting rate, increasing mortality rate of sand y and increasing recovery rate of humans. These control strategies causes decrease in initial trans- mission rate R0. Since the control strategies are always e ected by economics constraints, therefore, we take into account the constraints imposed by limited resources, in our objective functional. The results obtained from numerical simu- lations show that the control strategies are very e ective, if implemented, on the same time, in the same area.