مولانامفتی کفایت اﷲ
ٍ افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہماری دینی و ملی عمارت کا ایک بڑا ستون گرگیا، اور ۳۱؍ دسمبر کی شب کو حضرت مولانا مفتی کفایت اﷲ صاحب مرحوم نے انتقال فرمایا، مفتی صاحب مرحوم اپنے فضل و کمال، دین و تقویٰ اور فہم و فراست کے لحاظ سے طبقۂ علماء میں نہایت ممتاز اور منفرد شخصیت رکھتے تھے، دینی علوم خصوصاً فقہ و فتاویٰ میں ان کا پایہ بہت بلند تھا ان کی پوری زندگی علمِ دین کی خدمت میں گزری اور وہ نصف صدی سے زیادہ درس و افتا کی مسند پر فائز رہے، دہلی کی مشہور دینی درس گاہ مدرسۂ امینیہ کے صدر مدرس بلکہ اس کے جزو کل تھے، اور یہ مدرسہ انہی سے عبارت تھا، اس علم و تقویٰ کے ساتھ وہ ایک مجاہد کا دل اور مدبر کا دماغ رکھتے تھے، خلافت اور ترک موالات کی تحریک کے زمانہ سے لے کر ہندوستان کی آزادی تک تمام مذہبی و ملّی اور قومی و سیاسی تحریکوں میں ان کا نمایاں حصہ رہا، ایک زمانہ تک جمعیۃ العلماء کے صدر اور کانگریس کے رکن رکین رہے، اور ان دونوں کو ان کی بصیرت اور رہنمائی سے بڑا فائدہ پہنچا۔
مرحوم کا دماغ بڑا نکتہ رس اور سلجھا ہوا تھا، اور ان کی رائے نہایت متین اور صائب ہوتی تھی، پیچیدہ سے پیچیدہ گتھیوں کواپنی فراست سے سلجھادیتے تھے، اس لیے مذہبی اور ملکی و سیاسی دونوں جماعتوں میں ان کا بڑا وزن تھا، ہندوستان کی آزادی کی جدوجہد میں ان کا خاص حصہ ہے، ملکی سیاست میں وہ اخیر تک کانگریس کے ہم خیال رہے، لیکن جب سے اس پر فرقہ پرستوں کا غلبہ ہوگیا تھا، اور اس میں مسلمانوں کی کوئی حیثیت اور ان کی قربانیوں کی کوئی قدر باقی نہ رہ گئی تھی، عملاً اس سے کنارہ کش...
The foundation of the Sharia is revelation, revelation is the name of two things, the Qur'an and the Sunnah, since both are related to the news, and to convey the news to others, narrators are needed, so for the propagation of the Qur'an and the Sunnah to future generations. It was necessary to have narrators, the narrators of the Holy Qur'an are called Qira, the narrators of the Sunnah are called Muhaddith, the traditions of the Holy Qur'an are called 'Qara'at' and the traditions of the Sunnah are called 'Ahadith'.
Both the Qur'an and the Sunnah are revelations, but still there are some differences between them which are explained in detail in the Book of Principles. It was a difficult task, and the significant efforts made by the Muhadditheen in this regard were more famous and campaigned than the knowledge of al-Qaraat and recitation. He became famous with this, and some people even got the wrong impression that he had nothing to do with jurisprudence, and this wrong impression was reinforced by the behavior of the some Narrators.
In reasoning and deriving from the Sunnah, there were many disorders and factors that gave birth to different schools of jurisprudence. For example, a hadith revealed to an imam or a jurist during reasoning has a hidden reason that is not revealed to anyone else. Therefore, there is a difference in argumentation. Similarly, sometimes the hadeeth is correct in a certain issue in front of a jurist, while on the other hand, it is weak in the opinion of another, which leads to diversity in argumentation.
When the jurists differed in the derivation of the issues and rulings, in fact, these are cases of priority and non-priority, in which there is, however, scope that any position can be declared preferred based on arguments.
Keywords: Hadith, Muhaddithin, Jurisprudential Proverbs, School of Thoughts, Differences.
Ziarat juniper ( M. Bieb) is an evergreen and dominant species of Balochistan juniper forests. These forests are providing many benefits to regional ecosystems and surrounding populations. Unfortunately Ziarat juniper forest is in a degraded condition because of large number of biotic and abiotic factors including die back disease, dwarf mistletoe ( ) an obligate parasite with an endophytic ''root'' system. To protect these rapidly degrading Juniper forests the current project was aimed to identify dwarf resistant genes in Identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes in dwarf mistletoe infested and noninfested shoots were performed using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics algorithms. In this dissertation a total of 1951 dwarf mistletoe resistant genes were identified with 1257 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from dwarf mistletoe infested and 694 DEGs from dwarf mistletoe non-infested shoots of Juniper tree. All the identified resistant genes were further functionally characterized by using Gene ontologies (GO). The identified resistant genes were observed to be involved in various significant functions related with stress, immune system, metabolism, transcription factor, signaling pathway and structural protein. All of these newly identified resistant genes were reported in for the first time as no functional genomics study is reported for this important plant. These results will be used to manipulate the Juniper trees with these resistant genes for higher expression to combat and defeat the disease.