آہ! مولوی نور عظیم ندوی
دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے لائق فرزند اور ہونہار استاد مولوی نور عظیم ندوی چند ماہ کی علالت کے بعد وفات پاگئے، اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔
وہ دارالعلوم سے فراغت کے بعد مزید تعلیم کے لیے مصر گئے، اردو کی طرح عربی لکھنے اور بولنے کی اچھی مشق تھی اور درس و تدریس کے ساتھ ہی تقریر و تحریر میں بھی اپنا جوہر دکھاتے تھے، جلسوں کی نظامت بڑی خوبی اور سلیقہ سے کرتے تھے، جس سمینار کی کاروائی وہ چلاتے وہ ضرور کامیاب ہوتا۔
پڑھنے لکھنے کا اچھا ذوق تھا اور اسی میں ان کا سارا وقت گزرتا، ندوۃ العلماء سے شائع ہونے والے اردو اور عربی جرائد میں ان کے مضامین وقتاً فوقتاً چھتے تھے۔ ایک زمانہ میں ندائے ملت کے عملاً وہی اڈیٹر تھے، تعلیم اور دوسرے موضوعات پر اس کے خاص نمبر بھی نکالے، مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی مدظلہ کی سرپرستی میں رابطہ ادب اسلامی کا قیام عمل میں آیا تو اس کے روح رواں مولانا سید محمد رابع ندوی کے یہی دست راست اور رابطہ کے ترجمان کے ایڈیٹر بھی تھے۔ ان کے پاس بعض اشخاص اور اکیڈمیوں کے مسودے تبصرے یا اصلاح کے لیے آتے تھے جن کو بڑے غور و توجہ سے پڑھتے، تحریر کی خوبیوں اور خرابیوں پر ان کی نظر فوراً پڑتی۔ اس معاملہ پر مولانا علی میاں مدظلہ بھی ان پر اعتماد کرتے تھے۔
ان کا وطن ضلع بستی تھا اور وہ مسلکاً اہل حدیث تھے لیکن ندوۃ العلماء میں شیرولشکر کی طرح گھل مل گئے تھے، بڑے خاموش طبع، کم سخن، خلیق اور متواضع تھے، ان کی عمر پچاس (۵۰) کی رہی ہوگی، آئندہ ان سے بڑی توقعات وابستہ تھیں لیکن ابھی اپنی چمک دمک بھی نہیں دکھانے پائے تھے کہ وقت موعود آگیا۔
خوش درخشید ولے...
Hadîth is the second important source of Islamic Law after the Qur’ᾱn. There is a consensus among the Muslims that Sunnah is the second revealed fundamental source of Islamic sciences. Due to the importance of these fundamental sources, Muslim scholars and educational institutions around the world have played an important role in the development of Hadîth sciences. There are different teaching methodologies and learning approaches. We should use different teaching methods to improve the quality of Hadith studies to the best level and achieve our objectives. The Applied approach is an approach that emphasizes the relevance of what is being learnt to the real world outside the classroom and makes that relevance as immediate and transparent as possible. It is a valuable approach that can be used at all levels of education. It motivates students, improves their confidence and also provides a meaningful context for learning both theoretical concepts and practical skills. There are immense possibilities for development in Hadîth studies by using the applied approach in teaching and learning of Hadîth and its sciences. The challenge is to ensure that applied approach in teaching of Hadith and its sciences plays a constructive role in improving the educational quality of Hadith studies to the level best. This research article is based on importance of applied approach in teaching of Hadîth and its Sciences.
Cockfighting chickens (Aseel) are popular in Pakistan primarily for their fighting behavior, good quality meat and as an attractive household bird. Seals depicting domestication of cockfighting chickens in Pakistan is as old as 2500 BC. Nevertheless, the exact origin of these chickens in Pakistan is not yet known. Pakistan is home to an estimated four to seven distinct varieties of cockfighting chickens. This study aimed to understand the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Pakistani indigenous cockfighting chickens (ICC). For this purpose, a total of 185 samples of Pakistani ICC were obtained and evaluated for both phenotypic and genotypic diversity. The phenotypic data obtained were evaluated for both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cockfighting chickens. Qualitatively, Aseel chickens were characterized by red, black, white, and wheaten plumage; yellow and brown shank; yellow beak with black patches; small earlobes; pea comb; yellow eye color and minimal wattles. Overall, the Aseels displayed great diversity with respect to its plumage. Quantitatively, Mianwali Aseel showed significantly lower estimates of mean body weight and body circumference than all other studied varieties (p≤0.05). Contrastingly, Kulung and Sindhi Aseels showed significantly higher estimates (p≤0.05) of mean body weight compared to all other Aseels. Mean breast widths, keel lengths, pelvis lengths and body circumferences did not showed any significant difference among the studied varieties (p≥0.05). Interestingly, Mianwali Aseel showed significantly higher estimates of mean drum length than Mushka, Sindhi, Kulung and Peshawari Aseels. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hyper variable region (HV1) was sequenced to understand the phylogeny of ICC populations. Median-joining networks and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) trees were constructed by the 43 haplotypes which were generated from 38 polymorphic nucleotides sites. As a result, four distinct haplogroups (A, B, C, D) were emerged. Collectively, haplogroup D showed highest diversity (81.6%) followed by haplogroup A (15.1%), B (2.7%) and C (0.5%). Phylogenetic analysis of the data revealed that ICC and Gallus gallus murghi shared hyplogroup D. Likewise, the haplotype and nucleotide diversity ranged 0.643-0.909 and 0.00585-0.01575, respectively. The overall, high genetic diversity among individuals of ICC populations was noticed 91.52%, thus showing least genetic differentiation among the sub-populations (8.48%). Statistical tests showed extensive population expansion within the ICC population. Thus, our results showed that Pakistan, like Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, might have been one of the centres for domestication for cockfighting chickens. A South to North declining trend of haplogroup A in our data indicates the emergence of this haplogroup A towards Southern Pakistan in the recent past. Moreover, comparison of our data with other studies around the world showed significant variations, which could be attributed to the underlying differences in the geographies, selection pressures, regional practices within each country and multiple origin of cockfighting chickens over the world. Dispersal of cockfighting chickens around the world reflects the past trading routes between human communities and civilizations.