پاکستان میں مذہبی سیاست کا موجودہ انداز بھی حدود و قصاص قوانین نفاذ کے راستہ میں ایک بہت بڑی رکاوٹ ہے۔ ہمارے ملک میں لوگوں نے جب سے مذہب کو سیاست کی بنیاد بنایا ہے ۔ اس وقت سے یہاں مذہبی فرقوں کی بنیاد پر سیاسی پارٹیاں وجود میں آگئی ہیں ۔ جوں جوں یہ سیاسی پارٹیاں انتخابی میدان میں سرگرم ہوتی جاتی ہیں، ملک میں فرقہ وارانہ تنازعات کی شدت میں اضافہ ہوتا جاتا ہے۔ فرقہ وارانہ تنازعات کی شدت میں اسلام کے عمومی مقاصد پس پشت چلے جاتے ہیں اور جزوی اور فروعی اختلافات اہمیت اختیار کر لیتے ہیں۔ مزید برآں جب مذہب کی بنیاد پر لوگ انتخابی میدان میں آتے ہیں تو اس کا پہلا نتیجہ یہ نکلتا ہے کہ اسلام ایک اختلافی مسئلہ بن جاتا ہے۔
ممکن ہے بعض اہل علم اس رائے سے اختلاف کریں، لیکن گذشتہ پچھتر سال کا تجر بہ یہی بتاتا ہے کہ جب تک پاکستان میں مذہبی اور فرقہ وارانہ اپیل کی بنیاد پر ووٹ لینے والی سیاسی پارٹیاں موجود ہیں اور مذہب کے نام پر فرقہ وارانہ سیاست ہو رہی ہے ، تب تک ان قوانین پر عمل درآمد ممکن نہیں۔ کمال کی بات تو یہ ہے کہ جب تک پاکستان کی نون لیگ ،تحریک انصاف پارٹی اور دیگر سیاسی پارٹیوں کے قائدین اپنی تقاریر میں مذہبی ٹچ نہ دیں ۔ اس وقت تک ان کی تقاریر پھیکی رہتی ہیں ۔ چنانچہ جب تک اس طرح کی فضا سیاست کے میدان میں رہے گی، اس وقت تک پاکستان میں اسلام کے نفاذ کے راستے میں کوئی بڑی اور مثبت پیش قدمی نہیں ہو سکتی۔
Throughout history, Interfaith Dialogue has been a continuous activity in Muslims and Christians alike. According to the historian, incident of Wafad-e-Najran[i] (Najran’s Delegation) was the first ever regular interaction between Muslims and Christians. Therefore, this incident has an academic and historic importance in Muslim -Christian perspectives. The Holy Quran describes this incident in detail. First 80 verses of Surah Ale-Imran were revealed in this context. Further information is found in the books of Hadith, Seerah and Islamic History. This incident can become a base for modern Muslim- Christian Dialogue and we can derive from it some basic principles of Dialogue. This article elaborates the incident of Wafad-e-Najran, its importance and also derives some important rules from it. These principles are: interfaith tolerance, harmony, communication, understandings, peaceful co-existence, honour and respect, wisdom and beautiful reasoning, common basis for interfaith dialogue, Daw’ah and perfection of Hujjah. This article also describes its applications in the Present Dialogue. [i] Wafad-e-Najran: It is an Arabic word, used in Hadith History and other Islamic literature. It is meant by Najran’s Delegation and I shall use throughout the article as Wafad-e-Najran.
The contemporary school leadership is not just a gear of technical and professional skills. It has literally evolved into a complex combination of social, moral and educational values and their translation through the art of leadership practices. The school leadership and administration has turned into a value-laden rather a value-saturated arena of interactions. Within the broader and complex framework of values, the personal values of the school leadership play a critical role in the everyday life of a school. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the types of personal values, the motivational bases for acquiring them and the influence of such personal values on the leadership practices of the school principals. Consequently, this study entered the field of exploration with a set of three questions. First, what are the main types of personal values endorsed by school principals?; secondly, what are the motivational bases for acquiring those personal values? And finally, the main question of how do these personal values influence the leadership practices of the school principals? To address the above stated queries, a comparative case study method followed within the qualitative research paradigm. Two community based school principals were purposefully selected as study participants from the private secondary school context of Karachi, Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews, observations, reflective journal and document analysis were used as the main data collection tools for the study. The data gathered is qualitatively analyzed through thematic interpretation and of the participants' perspectives. The study found that the types of personal values and the motivational bases for the acquisition of such values are very much contextualized. A deep-rooted connection exists between the value types and the motivational bases. There are various regulating factors that steer the acquisition of such personal values by the principals. This research further explored that the leadership practices of the principals are considerably influenced by their personal values in terms of cultivating a school culture, establishing structures and marinating relationships with the external community. Based on the study findings an effort has been made to put forward a contextualized model. The findings of this study can be significant to the educational leaders in exploring new dimensions in their leadership practices. It may help the educational leaders in the developing context to understand their own personal values in order to see how they are getting translated through their practices. The findings may provide practical and contextual information to the teacher educators