امام طبری کا تفسیری منہج اور ترجیحات کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

The Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān (جامع البیان عن تاویل ای القران) the book of Quranic interpretation is known as Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī. The author Imām Ṭabarī was blessed for being skilled enough in presenting the message of Islam with different methods. The methodology he has chosen to explain the precious hidden beads of Holy Quran is associated with the methodology of tafsir bi-al-ma’thur (تفسیر بالماثور). His presented explanations are completely independent from the reflection of his personal opinions. The statements of the early stages of Islam, the direct transmissions by the Holy prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and his companions were chiefly used to understand the meaning of Holy Quran. The jurisprudence, linguistic, and the philosophic approaches are also referred in his tafsir.

Developing Reading Skills of Learners Through Effective English Language Teaching Method at the Graduate Level in the University of Sindh

This research study on the topic of “Developing reading skills of learners through effective English language teaching (ELT) method at the graduate level in the University of Sindh” is a descriptive type of research. The problem of developing reading skills is the most crucial and fundamental for learners at the graduate level because they can not fully comprehend the texts/materials, prescribed at syllabi/courses of Remedial English and English Compulsory. These texts/materials are not appropriate for the purpose to develop reading skills of learners. Moreover, the English Language Teaching methods in practice such as Grammar Translation Method and Lecture Method are also unsuitable to develop reading skills of learners. Hence developing reading skills of learners through effective English Language Teaching (ELT) Method is crucial and researchable. There are independent (cause or input) and dependent (effect or output) variables and strong co-relation between them. This research study consists of six chapters. The first chapter deals with the Statement of the problem, Objectives, Rationale and Scope of the study etc. The second chapter discusses and presents Review of related literature and framing a hypothesis. The third chapter deals with research methodology into the problem. The fourth chapter consists of Data collection, Sources of data and Treatment of data etc. The fifth chapter of comprises of Descriptive and Inferential analysis of data. The sixth chapter comprises of Research Report, Recommendations /Suggestions and Conclusion. Consequently, the data collected is analysed quantitatively and qualitatively that shows the similar outcomes. The objectives of the research are achieved and the hypothesis is accepted. Keeping in view, the findings of this research it is recommended that reading skills of learners should be developed through Repeated Reading Method at the graduate level in the University of Sindh. It is suggested that sample reading texts/materials according to the needs, levels and backgrounds etc of learners may be prepared and approved by the competent authority of the University. However, this research suggests for further research into the problem.