فتح مکہ میں آنحضرت ﷺ کی حربی حکمت عملی

This article encompassed the Holy Prophet's (ﷺ) best war strategy in the conquest of Makkah and its relevance to the Modern society. The purpose of this article was to highlight the war strategy of Holy Prophet (ﷺ) in the conquest of Makkah. His strategy provided the noble example for warfare in modern world. The method used for research was historical. The review of literature revealed that the war, humanity for love the showed (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet of strategies concern for the safety of the lives and avoided bloodshed as far as possible. Because of his noble strategies, Makkan tribes surrendered without any resistance in front of the army of Islam. Consequently, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy the and idolatry from freed became Makkah conquered the last and the most solid stronghold of the enemy. In Modern era, Muslim faced so many war problems. Through the war war the learn can commanders military, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy of strategies ethics and overcome their problems. It is recommended to Muslim army that they should take guidance from the war strategy of Prophet pressure psychological putting by enemy defeat and (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad upon them.

A Study of Cooperative Learning As an Alternative Instructional Approach in Science Teaching: A Perspective of Teachers and Students

The main purpose of my study was to explore the possibility of the implementation of cooperative learning approach as an alternative instructional strategy in science teaching. The study was conducted in three stages, Pre-intervention Intervention and Post-intervention, in one of the private secondary schools where three teachers and nine students voluntarily participated to provide relevant information. To gather the required information, semi-structured interview and observation techniques were used. The results of the study indicate that before my intervention, teachers mostly tended to use the 'transmission mode' of instruction in science classes in order to complete the science syllabus and for preparation of students in the examination. It was found that the teachers did not seem happy with their present mode of teaching science. Therefore, cooperative learning approach as an alternative instructional strategy was to be implemented in science teaching. During the intervention stage played a dual role as a 'mentor' and researcher. The findings show that the three participating teachers and nine students tended to exhibit a positive attitude towards the use of cooperative learning approach in teaching and learning science. The teachers and students thought that those students who were academically weak can benefit from this approach by collegial support. They also thought that this approach helped to enhance the level of student's participation in their learning activity which was geared towards confidence building. The study shows that the implementation of this approach was affected by the teachers' Iack of content knowledge, lack of resources such as equipment 'printed material' lack of professional support and by examination pressure ' on the whole, the teachers benefited from my mentoring but because of time constraints and examination pressures the teachers could not concentrate as much as was desirable. During my sessions with them. The teachers need to be encouraged and supported to reflect critically on the various classroom practices and their pedagogical consequence sift hey are to bring about' changes in the teaching learning process.