سات حرفوں پر قرآن حکیم کے نازل ہونے کے اسباب اور اس کی حکمتیں

Allah has revealed Holy Quran to guide and transform the lives of human being. According to Hadith, Quran was revealed in seven dialects because it is the name of wisdom. So, seven alphabets have numerous philosophies and benefits embedded in them. In this article introduction of Quran along with literal and figurative meanings have been elaborated. Details of seven alphabets have been explained vividly besides literal and figurative meanings of seven alphabets have been expounded. After that three important axioms of savants have been narrated. Amongst them, Imam Razi’s axiom is cited specially. In the last, modern axiom is given with explanation in a lucid way. A part from that, the logics and reasons behind the revelation of Quran in seven dialects have been deliberated including revelation of Quran in Arabic language, affection of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) for Ummah, convenience for Muslim Nation, satisfaction for nature, eradication of linguistic bias amongst Arabs, consensus of two commands, narration of two commands of different versions. Abundance of virtues, legitimacy of Qur’an, statures of readers and replicators of readers and others have been mooted exhaustively. In the end, article is summarized in the light of modern era.

Impact of Management and Instructional Practices on University Students’ Satisfaction

Present study was designed to explore the impact of management and instructional practices on university students’ satisfaction. Major objectives of the study were to check existing management and instructional practices in the context of private and public sectors universities, to weigh students’ satisfaction towards existing management and instructional practices, to measure the relationship between management and instructional practices, to measure the impact of teachers and managers’ demographic variations of age, discipline, gender, grade, experience, socioeconomic status and marital status in determining specific management and instructional practices and to propose a model of effective management and instructional practices for universities. In this study a stratified random sample of 800 respondents was collected from 3 distinct groups of population such as administrators, teachers and students from 16 leading private and public sector universities located at Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Lahore and Mansehra. Finding revealed that most of the universities are trying to impart quality education up to the satisfaction level of their students but due to lack of resources they are unable to provide education of national standards (HEC, HEIs). When compared with the private sector students of public sector universities are more satisfied. Difference does exists between management and instructional practices because task of the management is to plan, organize, execute, lead and control the whole organizational processes whereas task of teachers is to plan, organize, execute their lectures. Management and faculty demographic variations affect their management and instructional practices whereas, students’ demographic variations also played important role in determining students’ satisfaction. Study proposed a model for the overall improvement of university physical and learning environment which will be helpful to promote students’ satisfaction. If the university management and faculty follow these practices which are proposed in this model then students’ satisfaction can be ensured and this may also lead universities to achieve higher ranking.