حياة نسيم حجازي ومكانته العلمية والأدبية في الأدب الأردي

Abstract: The article deals with the life and contribution ofNaseem Hijazi towards reconstruction ofIslamic thought through his historical novels in New Muslim generation. As a novel writer < Naseem Hijazi is regarded as one of thefinest writers of Urdu language especially in the later 20th century. Among his popular contemporaries were Ibn-e-Safh Saadat Hasan Manto< and Shqfiq-ur-Rehman< all having their particular line ofliterature. Naseem Hijazi is knownfor his potent and romantic description of history. There are only two writers prior to Hijazi who wrote history novels in Urdu: Abdul Haleem Sharar and Sadiq sardhunwi < but Hijazi’s writing is most credible in terms of historical description and accuracy. He exercised extra care to back his study of history by through research and to cite his sources whenever possible. Hijazi creates his powerful expression by blending this study of history with fairytale romanticism. The story usually revolves around characters who were related to< and shown present at the actual historical event that wishes tofocus on. Naseem Hijazi bases most ofhis work in Islamic history. In dealing with this history' he shows both the rise and fall of the Islamic Empire. This writer seems to have been inspired a lot by Allama Muhammad Iqbal's poetry. He tries, not very unlike Iqbal, to remind his readers of the lost glory of the Muslims and in a way inspire them to work with commitment to achieve lost glory in all walks of life. Naseem Hijazi has immensely influenced his readers both in and out of Pakistan. He has been one of the key sources of Islamist ideologies in Pakistan and worked as a key ideology and valour builder during the Soviet-Afghan War. Many Pakistani educated Youngsters throughout 1950s till today are believed to have been emotionally and ideologically inspired by his writings. He enjoys a very large reader base even after his death.

Determinants of the Performance of Automobile Industry from 1995 to 2010-A Case Study of Pakistan

The study was primarily a quantitative and causal research. Its basic objective was to find out the nature and degree of macroeconomic factors that influence the performance of automobile industry in Pakistan from 1995 to 2010. The independent variables included per capita Gross National Income, Inflation Rate, Exchange Rate, Discount Rate, Unemployment Rate, Consumption Rate and Foreign Direct Investment. A sample of 10 firms was selected to explore the influence of macroeconomic variables on the performance of the firms and industry. The performance of the automobile industry was represented by Annual Sales, Annual Profit, Return on Assets, Return on Equity and Net Profit Margin. The impact of selected predictors was explored on five dependent variables of the industry. For this purpose, regression and correlation analysis was conducted to see the impact of macroeconomic variables on the performance of entire automobile industry. The panel data analysis revealed that Foreign Direct Investment was the most influential factor. In addition to this, Consumption rate, Discount rate and Unemployment rate also influenced the performance of automobile industry. Besides the analysis of entire industry, the impact of macroeconomic variables on the performance of individual firms was also studied. The analysis showed that the performance of all of the selected firms was influenced by one or more variables. Foreign Direct Investment appeared to be the most influential factor that helped improve the performance of firms in terms of sales and profitability. Other influential elements were Exchange rate, Consumption rate, Discount rate, Per Capita Gross National Income and Inflation rate. However, Unemployment rate appeared to be insignificant as its effect was almost negligible on the progress of individual firms. Therefore, this was concluded that the selected macroeconomic variables had significant impact on the performance of automobile industry in Pakistan from 1995 to 2010.