علامہ ابن جوزی کی تفسیر

This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsir. This is one the finest work of Allama Ibn al-Jawzī, a 6th century prominent Interpreter. Several editions of this Tafsir have been published. However, the edition of dar al-kitab al-‘arbi, Beirut published in four volumes is selected for this study. This exegesis is based on conventional narrations, authentic quotations from the Islamic Scholars and lingual & grammatical discussions. As a witness, causes of verses (asbab al-Nuz┴l), Makki and Madani Surah’s (chapters), the abrogating and abrogated verses (al-nasikh wal-mans┴kh) and Islamic jurisprudence have been discussed in it where needed. The quality of this translation which is admirable is that mostly authentic Ahadith from original sources, and references to well known basic books in relevant discussions have been described.

Agrarian Economy of the Bahawalpur State: 1866-1947

This research aims at providing a historical analysis of the Agrarian perspective of a regional economy and the development process of its parameters using the State of Bahawalpur as both a specific context as well as a perspective. It approaches the State as a distinct entity, which had its own specific social, economic, and political conditions that interacted with external ideas especially during the period in its history when it was under the British Agency administration. Generally, the studies on economic history, particularly on the themes of agrarian history, agricultural development and its social impact, and the phenomena of State and society relationship are rare, which renders this discipline largely an unchartered territory in the princely India context. This thesis is an effort towards that end and adds to the scant body of literature on the topic. The native agrarian system of the State, having a pastoral outlook, had large potential for socio-economic uplift. This provided the basis for new initiatives of fundamental importance to develop the State‟s infrastructure in socio-economic sectors, especially under the Agency rule, which overhauled almost each department of the administration and adapted the constitutional mechanism of political power to shore up the economic growth. The provision of proprietary rights to the peasantry ensured the secure lease of land to them and acted as the major income-generator in the agricultural economy of the region. As a result, it also significantly increased the land revenue of the State, which was realized through the colonial apparatus of the settlements of land. This revenue largely was subsequently reinvested into two major areas; irrigation and colonization projects. These projects remain the major focus and form the main research questions of this study, which scopes both the ventures because they were broadly interlinked and consequential, and played a significant part in updating and leveraging the economy of the State. In parallel, a transformation from an aboriginal outlook to agricultural character was also occurring in the States‟ economy and the social matrix of the State was changing under the influence of the skillful and experienced colonists from the British Punjab. Along with the above noted projects, the research methodology also scopes and scales this phenomenon. Mainly, archival research and analysis methods have been employed to investigate the socio-economic dynamics underpinning the traditional agricultural practices and customary relations that were gradually replaced by the modern cultivating accomplishment. Relevant official documents provided the substance in this regard and both the qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to extract and glean required data. A wide range of other more specific methodological practices- from fundamental historiographic skills and strategies for archival investigations to formal analytic techniques such as content analysis and multidimensional scaling are used to interpret the phenomena of socio-economic development and administrative control of the Bahawalpur State in the context of main research questions outlined above.