ایمان اسلام کو جزو لاینفک ہے اس کے بغیر اسلام قابل قبول نہیں کوئی بھی شخص مکمل ایمان لائے بغیر دائرہ اسلام میں داخل نہیں ہو سکتا ۔ فصل اول میں ایمانیات کے بارے میں قرآن مجید کی درج ذیل سورتوں کی ۲۰ آیات سے وضاحت کی گئی ہے۔
سورة آل عمران آیت نمبر ۱۶۰، سورة النساء آیت نمبر۸۲، سورة الاعراف آیت نمبر۱۸۵، سورة يونس آیت نمبر۳۴، سورة بنى اسرائیل آیت نمبر ۹۹، سورة الانبياء آیت نمبر ۴۲، سورة الحج آیت نمبر۷۰، سورة المؤمنون آیت نمبر ۸۵،۸۶،۸۷،۸۸،۸۹، سورة النور آیت نمبر ۵۰، سورة الروم آیت نمبر ۳۵،۳۷ ،سورةالزمر آیت نمبر ۴۳، سورة المؤمن آیت نمبر ۸۱،۸۲، سورة المرسلات آیت نمبر۲۰،۲۵، اس فصل میں ان آیات میں اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ نے اپنے بندوں سے سوال فرمایا ہے۔
اس فصل میں ہر آیت کو بیان کرنے کے بعد اس کی تفسیر پر روشنی ڈالی گئی ہے اور اس آیت میں استفہام کے استعمال کی وضاحت کی گئی ہے کہ ہر آیت میں اللہ تبارک و تعالیٰ کا سوال کرنے کے پیشِ نظر جو مقصد کارفرما تھا اس کو واضح کیا گیا ہے۔
Many western scholars have tried to interpret the Holy Qur’an into other languages of the world. William Montgomery Watt and Robert Spencer are included in the list of those commentators of the Qur’an who have presented their Quranic commentary in English language. But while interpreting the verses of the Holy Qur’an about the life, character and teachings of the Holy Prophet both the scholars have fabricated the teachings of the Holy Qur’an. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the interpretation of both western writers about the verses of Sūrah al-Aḥzāb in which the necessary information about the marriage of Prophet Muhammad with Hazrat Zainab has been discussed. Through the text analysis method and comparative and analytical approach, this article has raised some of the errors and propaganda elements found in the commentaries of both the Western scholars. The article proves that the writings of Western scholars like this need to be refined and scrutinized carefully in maintaining the sanctity of Islam and respecting the rights of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This paper concludes that all such allegations are either based on fabricated historical reports or false interpretations and misunderstanding of the facts.
The overall aim of the study entitled as “Determinants of agriculture production and supply price along with non-price response of major crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan” is to investigate, analyze and evaluate price and non-price factors influencing the adoption, acreage and production of major crops (i.e wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Influence of prices and impact of non-price factors are quite essential supply response determinants of major crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as they assist them in shaping their agronomic practices right from seed preparation to the disposal of final produce in market for production and acreage enhancement. The present study is carried out to estimate supply response of farmers and contribution of each explanatory variable to the production and acreage of major crops. In this regard, annual time series data over a period of time (1976-77 to 2007-08) have been used. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) techniques of estimation are run on various combinations of price and non-price factors along with their respective lagged values, which have provided useful information as policy guidelines in order to enhance the major crops returns in the shape of its production and acreage. To investigate more precisely the farmer’s responses to price and non-prices determinants of wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton crops, the Nerlovian Partial Adjustment Model, being popular supply response model, has been applied to bring about significant influences of explanatory variables on production and acreage responses of major crops. On the identification of stationarity issues in selected price and non-price determinants of model equations in all nine cases of thesis, Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test is applied for the purpose of determining the order of integration through process of differencing. When 1st, 2nd and 4th difference variables are applied to various combinations of price and non-price factors in logarithmic version of basic model equations, which clearly proved that respective variables are stationary of order 1, 2 or 4 in respective production and acreage responses of major crops. In view of production and acreage responses of wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton, the short run and long run price as well as non-price elasticities were found sizeable with slightly widest divergence in various combinations of model equations of nine cases, indicating the intensity of influence of respective explanatory variables (price and nonprice factors) on the dependent variable (production and acreage of major crops). In concluding remarks, it has been revealed during discussions of all nine cases of study that agricultural prices certainly played vital role in making sure the proper allocation of productive resources for the growers of wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton. Enhanced production and acreage of major crops encourages farmer’s income, savings and investments, which induced them to adopt latest techniques of crop management i.e seed bed preparation, cultivation, watering, weeding, chemical fertilizations, insecticides, harvesting, preventing post-harvest losses, marketing, processing, storages etc. Due to fluctuations in prices of major crops (i.e support price, nominal support price, real support price, market price, price of fertilizers etc) and the impact of non-price factors (rainfall, cultivated area, cropped area, cropping intensity, area irrigated by different sources, agricultural credits, fertilizer offtake, culturable waste, land use intensity, total reported area, total cultivated area, net cultivated area etc) have exerted significant influences at P<0.10, P<0.05 and P< 0.01 as well as non-significance impact shown on production and acreage responses of wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton. Finally the author suggests and recommends policy statements that market and support price policy of Government needs to be streamlined by stabilizing the price (i.e especially elimination of cyclical and seasonal fluctuation of price), acreage adjustments (i.e elasticity of price and area), avoiding post harvest losses (i.e timely storage, effective means of communications and transport for bringing the produce from point of production to the point of consumption in time), processing of agriculture produce (i.e enhancing withholding capacity of produce due to its perishable nature), initiation of government procurements (i.e obtaining surplus produce directly from growers), provision of subsidy (i.e minimizing the burden of price on consumers), rational import-export policy (i.e meeting the growing demand through importing the goods and enhanced supply through exporting the produce). The study has made policy recommendations to improve the supply responses of price as well as non-price factors and returns to major crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan).