آہ مرحوم صدر جمہوریہ فخر الدین علی احمد
ملیشیا میں مرحوم فخر الدین علی احمد صاحب کے بیمار ہونے کی اطلاع اخبارات میں پڑھی توان سے جو تعلق خاطر تھااس کے باعث تشویش پیداہوئی اور خصوصاً اس لیے کہ وہ دل کے مریض تھے، لیکن۱۱/فروری کی صبح کو انگریزی اخبارات میں مرحوم کے بخیریت ہندوستان واپس پہنچ جانے کی خبر کے ساتھ ان کا وہ فوٹو بھی دیکھا جس میں وہ ہشاش و بشاش اورمسکراتے ہوئے وزیراعظم اور کابینہ کے بعض وزراء کے ساتھ پالم پرہوائی جہاز سے اترکر کھڑے ہیں تودل کو اطمینان ہوااوراﷲ کاشکراداکیا، یہ آٹھ ساڑھے آٹھ بجے کی بات ہے۔ اس کے بعد سوا نوبجے حسب معمول انسٹیٹیوٹ آیا، سب سے پہلے انسٹیٹیوٹ کے ڈائریکٹر کرنل تاج الدین صاحب سے ملاقات ہوئی توعلیک سلیک کے بعد انھوں نے گلوگیر آواز میں کہا:’’سخت افسوس ہے کہ صدر کاانتقال ہوگیا۔‘‘یہ سننا تھا کہ جیسے بجلی گرپڑی اورجی دھک سے ہوکررہ گیا، میں اوروہ فوراً ٹیلی فون پرآئے اورآخر جس خبر پریقین کرنے کے لیے دل ہرگز آمادہ نہیں تھا اُس پریقین کرناپڑا اورعالم یہ ہواکہ:
تم کیاگئے کہ ہم پہ قیامت گذر گئی
آخر مرحوم کا ماتم گھر گھر بپاہوا، ان پر سینکڑوں مضامین لکھے گئے دنیاکی سب سے بڑی جمہوریت کے صدر کی حیثیت سے بڑی بڑی حکومتوں کے نمائندوں نے اُن کی وفات پراظہار غم کیا اوران کی تدفین میں شرکت کی، ہزاروں قرآن مجید پڑھ کر ان کی روح کوایصال ثواب کیا گیا، سرکاری طورپر جو رسوم ضروری تھیں وہ اداکی گئیں۔ ان کی زندگی سراپا عمل اورجدوجہد تھی، وہ ایک عظیم انسان کی طرح زندہ رہے اوراپنے ملک کے عظیم ترین انسان کی حیثیت میں جو ایک شخص کے لیے عزت ووجاہت دینوی کاآخری نقطۂ عروج و ترقی ہے، دنیا سے عالم عقبی کی طرف چل بسے۔ سدارہے نام اﷲ کا!اناﷲ...
Spending in the cause of Allh is one of the most important ways for the welfare of society and all the divine books agreed about its vital role in the betterment of human lives. But it is obvious from Quraan that not everyone has capacity for it but only those who are saved from stinginess: And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful. (Al-Hashr: 09) It is also very relevant question in this regard that what should be spent? And how and where should be spent? Hence only that type of spending which is according to the need of time is worthy to be called as best use of it, as Prophet (Peace be upon Him) pointed out to the charity of water when Saad ibn e ubadah asked him about the best mean of charity after the death of his mother and people were in urgent need of water. So it is clear that the one who intended to charity must have the actual and original idea about the demand of those who are in crises and then he should decide to arrange the appropriate means in this regard. We found crystal clear indications in the seerat ur rasool (Peace be upon Him) about the appropriate spending in accordance with the demands of current time like the encouraging the release of slaves especially in the Makkah and the treaty of brotherhood among the immigrants and the ansaar and promoting the building of prophetic mosque and preparing the army for battles and promising the abode in paradise in response. This article deals with role of charity in welfare of current society by the proper means and ways, some of the important points are as follows: 1. Introduction. 2. Importance of Infaq in Quraan and Sunnah. 3. Examples of charity in accordance with the demands of society in light of seerah. 4. Charity endowments and its role in the well-being of society in the light of fiqh us seerah. 5. The needs of contemporary society and the role of Charity endowments. 6. Pre-protection from negativity, because prevention is better than cure. 7. Recommendations or proposals for proper expenditure
Bio-Electrochemical Studies for Harvesting Carbon Dioxide to Organic Compounds Powering microbes with electricity in bio-electrochemical synthesis (BES) to produce plethora of organics like volatile fatty acids and alcohols is an attractive bio sustainable strategy to minimize our dependence on fossil fuels. Bio-electrochemical synthesis, a beneficial key technique in which electro autotrophic bacteria utilize electric current as a sole electron source from cathode to reduce CO2 to extracellular multicarbon exquisite products through metabolic conversion. The anaerobic and autotrophic acetogens like Sporomusa ovata, Clostridium ljungdahlii and Cupriavidus necator have been focused in current study to convert waste greenhouse gas like CO2 into volatile fatty acids, alcohols and Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). These electroactive catalysts were able to capture electron directly from cathode without any mediator due to the presence of C-type cytochrome and type IV pili in Sporomusa ovata, RnF complexes for electron and proton translocation in Clostridium ljungdahlii and Fln type adhesion on the surface of Cupriavidus necator. The bio-electrochemical reactor was simplified to avoid time expenditure by eliminating potentiostat and by improving start-up process of autotrophic biocathode. The two stage strategy was integrated in this system based on heterotrophic pre-enrichment of electro autotrophic biocatalysts on glucose or fructose, afterwards acclimation of pre-enriched culture to BES reactor where CO2 was sole carbon source to switch bacteria from heterotrophic to autotrophic metabolism. The biocathode was poised at -0.4V, (versus Ag/AgCl electrode) high enough to avoid hydrogen production by DC power source other than potentiostat to retain the high coulombic recovery in electro fuel production. The development of pure microbial biofilm at cathode rather than mixed culture further simplified the BES reactor from complex metabolic activities. The BES technique was practiced first time to synthesize high quality Polyhydroxyalkanoates (while fermentation process was followed before) merely from cheap and low cost substrates like molasses and waste greenhouse gas CO2. Implementation of simplified reactor and specific strategy for both batch and continuous system under ambient conditions of pH, temperature and pressure enhanced the electroactivity of cells to transform the electrons to spectrum of xi extracellular products in less time duration. The net outcome was the renewable energy which was stored in covalent bonds synthesized from waste greenhouse gas. The specific products included acetate, butyrate, ethanol, hexanoic acid, hexanol, heptanoic acid and heptanol by Clostridium ljungdahlii and Sporomusa ovata. The formation of heptanoic acid and heptanol in this specific technique never reported earlier. This feature has potential to make these electrotrophs beneficial for biotech industry. The intracellular Polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulated as granules inside the cells are environment friendly thermoplastics. The novel extraction techniques for the recovery of granules of carbon and energy reserves from cell dry mass has made PHA more attractive. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis employed for identification and quantification of electro fuels and further electroactivity was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The ANOVA test performed for statistical analysis between the batch and continuous system for all three strains. ANOVA test for Sporomusa ovata proved the significant difference between batch and continuous system rather than other two strains. The overall coulombic recovery was more than 90% due to the redox electroactivity of these autotrophs. The concentrations for ethanoic acid, ethanol, ethyl butyrate, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, hexanol and heptanol were 2.99, 3.19, 2.2, 2.18, 2.01, 2.11 and 0.85mM at 120 hours of medium cultivation. The Coulombic recovery was more than 80% proved the BES a promising and remarkable technology than other chemical and photosynthetic based chemical production.