آتم کتھا
وہ مجھ سے اس وقت بچھڑا تھا
جب آنکھوں کے سیپ خوابوں کے موتیوں کوترستے تھے
جب جسم و جاںپر رنگِ بہار نہیں چڑھا تھا
جب روح احساسِ کرب سے نا آشنا تھی
زندگی کی حقیقت کا ادراک نہیں تھا
کوئی دوست تھا نہ دشمن
اب میرے پاس سب کچھ ہے
یادیں ،محرومیاں ،اذیتیں
کیسے انمول کھلونے ہیں
مگر افسوس بے فکری کی دولت چھن گئی
Technically, Naskh refers to the abrogation of a religious ruling through another religious ruling involving commands and prohibitions, and, the abrogation being either through a Qur’anic statement, Hadith, or consensus of the Ummah. There can be, and has not been, abrogation of a spiritual matter, moral, historical, exhorting statements, doctrinal, or Allah's attributes. Allah said We do not abrogate a verse, or cause it to be forgotten, but substitute with one better than it or similar to it. Do you not know that Allah has power over everything?” (Al Baqarah: 106). Naskh involves two elements: naasikh (the abrogating one), and mansukh (the abrogated one). This is an important discipline for those who attempt deeper understanding of the Qur’an. There were several points of wisdom behind abrogation in early Islam. For centuries, human societies lived a certain kind of life: closer to beastly than human. Their situation could only be changed gradually. That required allowing certain things in the early stages of change and development, to be disallowed later.
Implication of Cultural Psychology on Individual Behavioral Patterns: Khaled Hosseinis's Art of Characterization This thesis offers its readers a detailed analysis of Khaled Hosseini’s later work from the perspective of Cultural Psychology. Its underline purpose is to explore the psychological and behavioral mechanisms of the characters in the fictional world of Hosseini keeping in mind the socio-cultural strands of their indigenous environment. This research also strongly challenges the post-modern notion of a single “universal culture” and negates the attempts of the developed countries to suppress the individuality of the weaker nations in the name of cultural uniformity. In this way this is a step forward to voice cultural identity of the much suppressed and devastated Afghan nation. Being an honest voice of his native land and a faithful representative of the emotionally and physically shattered people of Afghanistan Hosseini’s later writings including A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007) and And the Mountains Echoed (2013) depict both the rich customs and traditions of his mother-land as well as the atrocities and injustice committed by the narrow- minded male part of the society in the name of religion and family honor. Hence the work chosen for this particular research are a perfect blend of endurance and sufferings of the local Afghan population. A Qualitative research procedure has been opted to examine Hosseini’s art of characterization through the actions and dialogues of his characters. This can also be taken as a Case Study of Hosseini’s work focusing upon the symbolism, imagery and the language used in the selected novels. It explores the depiction of Afghan society and the supremacy of the native socio-cultural standards as the controlling factor in the lives of their practitioners. Hence it asserts that the psychological and behavioral patterns of an individual are not related to one’s genetic make-up or biological inheritance rather it is an immediate native culture that shapes one’s acting and thinking patterns. Therefore for the cultural evolution or the social development of the masses the psychological and behavioral mechanisms of the individuals as well as the norms and traditions of a particular culture have to work in collaboration and only then any nation can fulfill her dream of rapid growth and expansion.