کتب علوم الحدیث میں امثال فقہیہ پر اختلاف مسالک کے اثرات؛ ایک تحقیقی جائزہ The effects of differences of Masalik on the Jurisprudential proverbs stated in the books of hadith studies

The foundation of the Sharia is revelation, revelation is the name of two things, the Qur'an and the Sunnah, since both are related to the news, and to convey the news to others, narrators are needed, so for the propagation of the Qur'an and the Sunnah to future generations. It was necessary to have narrators, the narrators of the Holy Qur'an are called Qira, the narrators of the Sunnah are called Muhaddith, the traditions of the Holy Qur'an are called 'Qara'at' and the traditions of the Sunnah are called 'Ahadith'. Both the Qur'an and the Sunnah are revelations, but still there are some differences between them which are explained in detail in the Book of Principles. It was a difficult task, and the significant efforts made by the Muhadditheen in this regard were more famous and campaigned than the knowledge of al-Qaraat and recitation. He became famous with this, and some people even got the wrong impression that he had nothing to do with jurisprudence, and this wrong impression was reinforced by the behavior of the some Narrators. In reasoning and deriving from the Sunnah, there were many disorders and factors that gave birth to different schools of jurisprudence. For example, a hadith revealed to an imam or a jurist during reasoning has a hidden reason that is not revealed to anyone else. Therefore, there is a difference in argumentation. Similarly, sometimes the hadeeth is correct in a certain issue in front of a jurist, while on the other hand, it is weak in the opinion of another, which leads to diversity in argumentation. When the jurists differed in the derivation of the issues and rulings, in fact, these are cases of priority and non-priority, in which there is, however, scope that any position can be declared preferred based on arguments. Keywords:               Hadith, Muhaddithin, Jurisprudential Proverbs, School of Thoughts, Differences.

Impact of Transformational Leadership on Job Stress and Job Performance.

Leadership is a significant factor affecting the performance of employees in organizations. Job stress is a serious problem faced by employees in the working environment that affects job performance and it is a major issue of all employees at present. This study examines the impact of an independent variable Transformational leadership, on two dependent variables i.e. job stress and job performance. The impact of transformational leadership on two dependent variables i.e. the job stress and the job performance is separately analyzed. In a survey, the data is collected using a questionnaire as research instrument. Survey is conducted on the banks located in Islamabad. The respondents are the middle and lower line managers of the banks of Islamabad. The sample size for this study is 300 respondents. The conclusion shows that either transformational leadership has any impact on the job stress and the job performance or not. Descriptive statistics and linear regression is used to draw results. Findings of this research study show that there lies a significant negative relationship of transformational leadership with job stress and transformational leadership has significant positive relationship with job performance.