The Influence of Thematic Learning Implementation on Student Motivation in Public Elementary School 002 Sungai Pinang Samarinda

Thematic learning is learning with a theme to combine several lessons so that it can provide a meaningful experience to students. This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of thematic learning on the learning motivation of grade V students at SDN 002 Sungai Pinang Dalam Samarinda in the 2019/2020 learning year. This type of research is ex post facto research, because there is no control over the independent variables. This study consists of two variables, namely the independent variable and one dependent variable. The independent variable is the implementation of thematic learning (X). The dependent variable is student learning motivation (Y). The population of this study were class V students of the 2019/2020 learning year at SDN 002 Sungai Pinang Dalam. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The data analysis techniques were data normality test, homogeneity test, data linearity test and simple linear regression test. Researchers also do not make arrangements or manipulate the independent variables. The results showed that there was a significant influence between the implementation of thematic learning on the learning motivation of grade V students at SDN 002 Sungai Pinang Dalam Samarinda for the 2019/2020 learning year with a moderate determination coefficient value of 0.50 or 50%. From the regression equation Y = 14.774 + 0.759X, it can be seen that the consistency value of the thematic learning implementation variable is 14.774 while the X regression coefficient is 0.759 which states that every 1% of thematic learning (X) implementation will increase student learning motivation by 0.759. The regression coefficient is positive, thus it can be said that the direction of the influence of the thematic learning implementation variable on student learning motivation is positive.

The Impact of Corporate Disclosures and Risk Management on the Performance of Banks in Pakistan

This research study undertakes the relationship between disclosure, risk management and performance of commercial banks in Pakistan with a view to ascertain the relationship between disclosure and financial performance, risk management and financial performance in both small size and large size banks. The disclosure analysis has been carried out on the basis of financial disclosure and non financial disclosure of information by the large commercial banks and small commercial banks in Pakistan from 2005 to 2014. These findings show that small commercial banks are more efficient in disclosing information than the large commercial banks. Secondary data analysis was carried out to test the relationship between disclosure, risk management and performance of commercial banks in Pakistan. It has been concluded from the analysis that disclosure has a significant positive impact on the performance of small commercial banks and large commercial banks in Pakistan. The proxies used for disclosure is corporate disclosure index and return on assets and return on equity are used to measure bank performance. The proxies used for risk management are interest rate risk, liquidity risk, operation risk, capital adequacy ratio, non performing loans ratio, value at risk, standard deviation of ROA and default risk. It is concluded from the results that large banks manage their risk efficiently than small banks. The primary data analysis is carried out using seven questions for disclosure practices, eleven questions for risk management and four questions for bank performance. The questionnaire was distributed among bank directors, branch managers, operation managers and credit managers. The primary data analysis reveals that disclosure and risk management practices have a significant positive impact on the performance of large commercial banks. It is concluded that small banks do not manage their risk efficiently. It is also concluded from the results of secondary data analysis and primary data analysis that findings of primary data strengthen and support the results of secondary data analysis as the results in both the cases are parallel. A comparative analysis on the basis of independent T-test for large banks and small banks disclosure and risk pattern shows that small banks have better disclosure pattern on the basis of corporate disclosure index. Likewise, comparative analysis for risk proxies of interest rate risk, liquidity risk, operation risk, capital adequacy ratio, non performing loans ratio, value at risk, standard deviation of ROA default risk shows that large commercial banks have lower risk than small commercial banks in Pakistan.