آثم مرزا (۱۹۳۳ء۔۲۰۰۳ء) کا اصل نام مرزا محمد طفیل بیگ تھا۔ آپ سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ (۸۱۷) آثم مرزا بنیادی طورپر ایک افسانہ نگار ہیں لیکن انھوں نے شاعری بھی کی ہے۔ ان کا شعری کلام ملک کے اہم رسائل جرائد’’محفل‘‘،لاہور’’اظہار‘‘،کراچی’’اتالیق‘‘،سیالکوٹ’’جسارت‘‘کراچی’’ویمن ڈائجسٹ‘‘،’’حرم‘‘،لاہور ، ’’سیارہ ‘‘،لاہور’’امروز‘‘ لاہور اور ’’شام و سحر‘‘ لاہور میں چھپتا رہا۔ ابھی تک آثم مرزا کا کوئی شعری مجموعہ منظر عام پر نہیں آیا۔
ترقی پسند تحریک کے ہیجانی و جذباتی دور میں آثم مرزا نے افسانوی نثر کے ساتھ ساتھ شاعری کے کوچے میں قدم رکھا۔ اور آزاد نظم کو اپنے خیالات کے اظہار کا ذریعہ بنایا۔ ان کی شاعری میں سیاسی لہر کارفرما نظر آتی ہے۔ مگر انھوں نے خود کو مریضانہ محور پر اشتراکی فلسفے کے تابع نہ کیا بلکہ اپنا اسلامی تشخص برقرار رکھا۔ آثم مرزا کی ایک مشہور نظم ’’مجھے بھی ہتھیاردو‘‘ کے عنوان سے اس کے سیاسی ہونے کا پتہ چلتا ہے لیکن انھوں نے اس نظم میں سیاسی پراپیگنڈہ سے کام نہیں لیا ہے۔ اس نظم کے کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ فرمائیے:
مجھے بھی ہتھیار دو کہ میں بھی
ستمگروں کے حصار ظلمت میں قید انسانیت کے بگڑے نقوش کو رنگ روپ دے کر
آزاد کر دوں گا
کہ اُجڑی راہوں میں گمشدہ نکہتوں کے
فانوس جمگمگائیں
کہ فصلِ گُل کی نوید
پت جھڑ کی اوٹ میں بے قرار راہوں کی زندگی کا سرور بخشے(۸۱۸)
اس نظم کے آخر میں وہ نئے عزم کا اظہار اس طرح کرتے ہیں:
مجھے بھی ہتھیار دو(۸۱۹)
آثم مرزا قلبی واردات کو شعری قالب میں ڈھالنے کے ساتھ ساتھ ماحول،معاشرے اور جدید رجحانات کو بھی ذہن میں رکھتے ہیں۔ وہ جس دنیا میں رہتے ہیں اس کے نشیب و فراز تک رسائی کر کے...
Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the relationship between body image, self-esteem and academic behavior amongst adolescent girls living in Karachi, Pakistan and simultaneously explore the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship of the other two variables. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 400 adolescent girls belonging to a selected community of Karachi, Pakistan. Pre-validated tools, Body Shape Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Academic Behavior Scale were used for data collection of the study. The data was then analyzed using SPSS 17. Results: The results proved significant associations between all three variables with p<0.05. Moreover, a partially mediating role of self-esteem was noticed to be causing 74.8% variation in the relationship between body image and academic behavior. Conclusion: As per the study findings, body image, self-esteem and academic behavior of adolescent girls residing in Karachi, Pakistan are associated with each other. It was also concluded that higher body image dissatisfaction may lead to poor self-esteem which in turn negatively impacts the positive academic behavior of the girls. Hence, representing a mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship. Overall, parents, educators, academic professionals, counselors and healthcare professionals can benefit from the study findings to positively play their parts in improving the lives of adolescents around them.
Chapter 1, 'What is Metaphysics' focuses on basic issues related to metaphysics consequently to its scientific, philosophical and religious interpretations in the backdrop of prevalent scientific concepts about universe, aspects related to time and space and issues of mysticism. After elaborating literal and terminological meanings of metaphysics its definitions in various dictionaries, explanations by different scholars and interpretations through encyclopedias and web sites have been carried out for better comprehension. Since individual, God and universe are three basic fundamentals of metaphysics, therefore, metaphysical elements in its different manifestations and forms related to scientific, philosophical and religious mythologies in through Urdu short stories have been explained. Chapter 2, covers metaphysical elements in Urdu short stories of first period from 1901 to 1936. Evolution and interpretations of creation of life and universe (of this period) have been attempted. An endeavor has been made to trace primitive elements of metaphysics in the writers of Urdu short stories like Rashid-ul- Khairi, Sultan Haider Josh and Prem Chand. In progression, elements of metaphysics emanating from the love for nature of the romantic writers and its influence in early Urdu short stories from novels, folk tales, Hindu philosophies 'Avagavan' and 'Mukti' have been considered. Chapter 3, covers 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories in Second Period from 1936 to 1047'. Novel philosophical interpretation of Carl Marx philosophy and precedence of matter over soul has been analysed. In addition, those metaphysical elements which entered into Urdu short stories under the influence of ideas of Freud and Yong have also been included. Chapter 4, pertains to 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories after Creation of Pakistan'. Causes of revival of romanticism in the fifties have been explained. An analytical appraisal of short stories of important writers has been carried out in the preview of effects of knowledge of existence and new mystical approach. Elucidating effects of different metaphysical philosophies on romantic short stories, metaphysical elements in Greek and Hindu mythologies in short stories of A. Hameed have been indicated. Chapter 5, with the title, 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories from Sixties to-date' deals with new scientific revelations and new discoveries about the universe and existence under the influence of modernism. New background of sensibility has been discussed as how socio-political and cultural environments affect new approach regarding life and universe. Understanding of new dimensions of time and space in the context of Hindi mythology, mysticism and Islamic myths has been done. Analysis of short stories of prominent writers of this era has been carried out. Chapter 6, consists of an overall review of various facets of metaphysical elements with evolving trends in romanticism, mysticism, Hindi, Greek and Islamic mythologies and other religious rituals. In the end findings of entire discussion leading to some recommendations have been included to promote metaphysical elements in Urdu short stories.