آئنہ ذات
فضا ؔ موسیٰ
شعر گری تو ایک فن ہے ۔ میں کہاں اور یہ فنِ بسیط کہاں؟ لفظوں سے خوشبو تلاشنے کا ہنر وہی جانتے ہیں جو نقش سے تعبیر ذات کا سفر کر سکیں۔ اظہارِ ذات کی منزل اور ایک لڑکی جس کے جسم و جان تو کیا سوچ پہ بھی پہرے ہیں، گمان سے خیال تک پور پور پہ زنجیریں ۔ایسی صورت ہے کہ خواب بھی نیند کی چوکھٹ پہ آکے خوف زدہ کہ کہیں کوئی جان نہ لے۔
وقت کا سورج ہو یا سمے کا چاند یا کوئی آوارہ کرن،اس اندھیر میں آنے کا ہنر نہ جان سکا۔ اس لمحہ ملال میں کوئی خیال کبھی ترنگ میں آکے روح کی کشتی پہ سوار جیون دھارا کے بہتے پانی میں ہلچل مچا دے تو ناچار بے چارگی کا قالب لیے کوئی مصرع دھیمے سروں میں زندگی کی تان پہ جذبات کے سروں کا گیت چھیڑے دیوانگی کا روپ دھار لیتا ہے۔ میں اس کے سروں میں بہتے بہتے جانے کتنے عکس بنتی ہوں ،کتنے خواب دیکھتی ہوں، کتنے لمحوں کو اس رومان انگیز جسم کی خوشبو میں محسوس کرتی ہوں یہ بتانا مشکل ہے مگر ہر لمحہ، ہر خیال، ہر خواب جب اظہار طلب دیکھوں تو کچھ الٹا سیدھا لکھتی ہوں، جن کی ترتیب شدہ صورت آپ کے سامنے ہے۔
یہ آئنہ ذات یہ لفظ، یہ خواب ، یہ خیال اور ان کے پس منظر میں کھڑا ہنستا مسکراتا چہرہ جو مصرعوں، شعروں ، غزلوں کو سانسوں کی حرارت سے تاثیر دے رہا ہے۔ ایک شاعرہ کے لیے نوید ِ زندگی ہے۔
This article provides valuable information about the living conditions of Muslims of the Pak-Afghan Region in the context of revisiting Rudyard Kipling’s view of the Great Game of the 19th century between Great Britain and Russia that roughly continued for about a century beginning in the second decade of the 19th century to the signing of the Anglo Russian convention in 1907. In this respect his famous novel, Kim (1901) has been critically examined to establish the political content of his creative work. Coupled with the appreciation of the novel as a great work of art with its many facets and themes, views of Edward Said have been juxtaposed to arrive at a conclusion that the novel is also a celebration of imperialism. In today’s scenario in Central Asia particularly Afghanistan, a revisit of Kipling is an interesting revelation. The discussion also reveals the similarities of the tussle of two centuries back to the realities in the region today. This insight as we appreciate Kipling’s masterpiece novel proves even more eye-catching and real. This paper also examines Peter Hopkirk’s works on the Great Game to historically asses the dialectics of the imperial struggle between the two super powers of the time. In this connection, a brief discussion is available on the three Anglo-Afghan Wars as well as the conflict in Kashgharia. This article presents an overview of the view head by Russians on the conflict which they call Tournament of Shadows or Bolshya Igra involving spies and military personnel. A fresh look at Kipling’s works in general and his novel Kim, in particular, helps explore the very essentials of the working of Imperialism and empire-building, which is the main stay of this paper. A deeper look would understandably unfurl big powers rivalry in general, and the present day security situation in Asia in particular, by going through the works of a great writer; the first Englishman and the youngest recipient for Nobel Prize in Literature (1907).
Veterinary Pathology Pathology Abstract Colorectal cancer is a global disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Involvement of genetic and environmental factors produces variability in its prevalence. KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) is one of the important genes responsible for sporadic CRC. The constitutive GTPase activity of the gene is lost when it gets mutated and so the deregulated cells undergo unrestricted proliferation leading to oncogenesis. From therapeutic point of view, patients with KRAS mutations do not benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition drugs as those who possess normal KRAS. The analysis of KRAS mutations is therefore important from both diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Diagnostic methodology and the valuable information of this study will be quite helpful in future. The objectives of this study were to document the KRAS oncogenic mutation pattern mostly in Northern Pakistani residents presenting in AFIP, Rawalpindi after their intestinal resection due to CRC. The other objective was to relate this mutation pattern with histopathological categorical variables like age, gender, presenting clinical complaint, tumor site, size, histological differentiation, modified Duke Stage of tumor, nodal metastasis and metastasis in other organs. Hundred and eighty one cases of CRC from persons residing in northern area of Pakistan were collected and observed for the above mentioned parameters. DNA was extracted from the tumors and normal tissues of all the study subjects. PCR was done for gene amplification and the status of KRAS mutations in Pakistani CRC patients was analyzed by gene sequencing. The results showed more prevalence of CRC in the males of northern areas of Pakistan. Both males and females with higher average age had high tendency to acquire CRC. Rectum was found to be the most common location of CRC, followed by sigmoid. Exophytic well differentiated adenocarcinomas were the most common form of CRC. Gene sequencing did not show even a single KRAS mutation in the tested samples. It can be inferred from this study that either there is no KRAS mutation in northern area patients suffering from CRC or the mutation frequency of this particular gene is relatively very low as compared to the results of studies reported in the literature. A wider scale study of these patients may prove the cause of CRC to be due to mutation of some other genes or may be due to some non-genetic factors.