اجتہاد کی شرعی حیثیت اور عصر حاضر ميں اجتہاد کی عملی صورتیں

Ijtihad is an invaluable secondary source of the Muslim jurisprudence. In Islamic law, ijtihad refers to the independent interpretation of problems not precisely covered by the sacred scripture of Islam, Qur’an, and Prophetic traditions. The savants who undertake ijtihad must be firmly rooted in knowledge and savvy what the demands of the contemporary era are. Since new challenges call for innovative solutions, the faithful cannot genuinely live by Islam without their jurists deriving the laws of sharia from its sources.

Pakistan-Iran Relations Since 2005-2015 : Political and Economic Dimensions

The aim of thesis is to examine Pakistan-Iran relations in the context of changing world scenario since 2001. The major focus will the period since 2005 to 2015. Both countries are agreed and interested in strengthen of economic, political, social and cultural relationship but there are some internal and external elements involved which are hurdle to reach at destination. There are many common interests like trade, global peace, and border safety, national and political integrity. But unfortunately Drug Trafficking, smuggling and illegal arms are seen on common border. Low volume of trade and low economic relations are seen. It is one of the basic reasons of weak relationship between the two countries. Both countries have stronger sympathetic relations. Both countries have helped to each other in natural disasters like earthquake and floods in Pakistan. Both countries have a longstanding history of cordial bilateral relations. Thesis will explore the dynamics of relations between both countries since 2005 to 2015. It will not only help to understand the internal but external challenges which both countries are facing. War on terror and US influence toward Pakistan effected these relations, while these relations were strong in past. Terrorism and sectarianism will also be discussed that how these two factors effected the relations of two neighboring countries. Jundullah and other terrorists groups should be stopped to deal with other issues. India and Saudi Arab has also given hard way to Pakistan and Iran in this period. Cooperation in energy sector, bilateral trade, Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline project and many other options can enhance these relations in future.