مولانا محمد ناظم ندوی
اخباروں سے یہ افسوس ناک خبر ملی کہ ماہ جون ۲۰۰۰ء مین مشہور عالم اور عربی زبان و ادب کے قابل ادیب و شاعر جناب مولانا محمد ناظم ندوی کا پاکستان میں انتقال ہوگیا۔ اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔
وہ دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے اس روشن دور کی آخری نشانی تھے جو حضرت مولانا سید سلمان ندوی کی سرپرستی اور مولانا حیدر حسن خاں ٹونکی اور علامہ تقی الدین ہلالی مراکشی کی تربیت و محنت سے سب سے زیادہ فیضیاب ہوا، گزشتہ صدی کی تیسری، چوتھی دہائی میں مولانا مسعود عالم ندوی، مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی، مولانا عبدالسلام قدوائی ندوی، مولانا ابواللیث اصلاحی ندوی، مولانا محمد عمران خاں ندوی اور مولانا محمد اویس ندوی رحمہم اﷲ جیسے سیارگان علم و فضل ایک ہی وقت میں برج سلیمانی میں جمع ہوگئے تھے، مولانا محمد ناظم ندوی بھی اس مجموعہ نجوم کے تابناک ستارے تھے۔ انہوں نے خاص طور پر علامہ ہلالی مراکشی سے استفادہ کیا۔ اس باب میں وہ مولانا مسعود عالم ندوی اور مولانا سید ابوالحسن ندوی کے بعد ثالث ثلثہ ہوئے۔
بہار کا مردم خیز خطہ مونگیر ان کا وطن تھا، گھر اور پٹنہ کے مدرسہ شمس الہدیٰ میں تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد وہ انیس بیس سال کی عمر میں دارالعلوم ندوہ میں اعلیٰ تعلیم کے لئے داخل ہوئے، فراغت حاصل کرنے کے بعد وہ ڈابھیل کی اس درس گاہ میں درس و تدریس کے لئے منتخب کئے گئے جو اس وقت مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی اور مولانا محمد یوسف بنوری جیسے جلیل القدر علماء کی موجودگی سے مرکز نگاہ بنی ہوئی تھی، کئی سال گزارنے کے بعد وہ حضرت سید صاحب کی خواہش پر ندوہ میں عربی زبان و ادب کے استاد کی حیثیت سے واپس تشریف لائے اور تقسیم ہند تک یہیں رہے، پاکستان بنا تو انہوں نے...
غیر مسلموں کے حقوق اور انسانی جان کی حرمت : عہدِنبویﷺو خلفائےراشدین کی روشنی میں Islam guarantees the protection of life, property, honour, and dignity of all the members of society, regardless of their religion, colour, race or ethnicity. Sanctity of human life is the fundamental issue and Islam emphasized on it the most. Holy Quran declared the murder of a single person as the killing of all humanity. Islam always secured the rights of non-Muslims. Protecting the lives, dignity and property of non-Muslim living in an Islamic state is a duty of a Muslims in general and the Islamic State in particular. The manner in which the rights of non-Muslims were protected in the era of the Prophet (S.A.W) and the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs is unprecedented. The Prophet (S.A.W) gave this protection constitutional and legal status through his teachings and practice. Our Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) declared that “The one who killed any Dhmmī would not get the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be sensed at a distance of forty years journey”. In the era of the righteous caliphs, the rights of non-Muslims were also safeguarded. This article is a description of the rights of non-Muslims with reference to the sanctity of human life in Islam. It also throws light on the unique teachings of Islam regarding the fundamental rights of minorities in the period of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs. A descriptive and analytical research methodology will be used in this research to obtain results and recommendations. The expected results and recommendations of the study will guide the Muslims and non-Muslims to harmonize the social set up around the globe.
The aim of the present work is to numerically simulate laminar forced convection in the fully developed flow through the finned annulus of a double-pipe subject to constant heat flux boundary condition (H1) and to investigate the effects of various geometric designs and arrangements of fins on the thermal performance of the finned duct. The designs of the finned annulus considered in the present work are longitudinal triangular fins with equal and unequal heights, and fins with variable fin-tip thickness. The governing partial differential equations of the convection problems are numerically solved by employing the finite element method (FEM) and the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG-FEM). The hydraulic and thermal characteristics like the friction factor, the Nusselt number and the surface flow area goodness factor are studied against various geometric design parameters. Moreover, the validity of various assumptions in simpler models is investigated in more realistic models. The behaviour of the flow and thermal characteristics has been found to match with the physics of the problems and therefore, substantially validates the present simulations. For highly conductive triangular fins of equal heights, the results show upto more than 4 i times gain in the heat transfer rate relative to increase in the pressure loss because of the attachment of fins when the equivalent diameter is used as the characteristic length. Using fins in two groups of different heights, the velocity and temperature distributions can be significantly altered to have more favourable flow and thermal characteristics. For specified values of the number of fins, the thermal conductivity ratio and the size of the inner pipe, a combination of unequal heights of the two fin groups rendering maximum heat transfer coefficient exists in many cases. Such combinations of fin heights are very useful in reducing pressure loss and promoting heat transfer rate. The present study recommends the use of unequal fin heights depending on the cost, weight and heat duty requirements. For longitudinal fins with specified base angle and variable tip thickness, no single tip-angle renders maximum values of the heat transfer coefficient and surface flow area goodness factor for all values of the height and number of fins indicating that the choice of fin-tip angle strongly depends on the number of fins and their height. It is found that highly significant gain in the Nusselt number can be achieved by considering variation in the thickness of fin tip for various values of the conductivity parameter. This gain for trapezoidal fin is upto 38% over the triangular fin and 163% over the rectangular fin. Therefore, the consideration of the fin-tip thickness as a design parameter is significantly important for the optimal design of the present heat exchange system. All the computed results are in excellent comparison with the available literature results.