Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance: A Conceptual and Literature Review

Sustainable development is considered as or can be one of the ways in achievement, progress, and benefit for organizations. Organizations use and utilize this source to require a system on which they can rely upon and keeping in mind the end goal to recognize openings and associated risks and to make, realize, control, and upgrade the sustainable goals of corporations which to be both progressively viable (for themselves and the overall population) and increasingly productive in terms of monetary. Based on the content analysis and literature review, this paper review and proposed the conceptual framework on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its effect on Organizational Performance of Pakistan’s retail banks. It is conceptual type of research which possesses four hypotheses, first Independent Variable is CSR and Four Dependent Variables such as, Organizational Performance (OP), Financial Performance (FP), Employee Commitment (OC) and Organizational Reputation (OR) and these are not proven in this research. This paper suggests that by initiating the practices of corporate social responsibility can improve the performance of the organization and also increase its financial position, commitment level of the employees and improve the overall reputation or the company. Different literature suggests that this research could be done with primary as well as secondary sources sometimes the researchers have used mixed form of methodologies, this study is based on secondary data using internet which is one of the powerful tools to generate the data. Researchers conclude and give some suggestions for the future research work with the discussion on previous literature review.

Organoantimony Iii/V As Prospective Antileishmanial and Anticancer Drugs: Synthesis and Characterization

A variety of pentavalent antimonials have been synthesized from the triorganoantimony(V) halides and a variety of carboxylic acids having known biological applications to better understand the medicinal potential of the synthesized assemblies. The successful synthesis of complexes 1A-18A, 1B-10B and 1C-20C was confirmed by melting points, elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H & 13C NMR spectroscopy. The selected finely crystallized complexes have also been analysized through single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The crystallographic analysis reveals that these complexes are mononuclear in solution as well as in solid state. The carboxylate ligands bind to the antimony(V) atom through oxygen atoms and occupy axial position adopting geometries between distorted trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal. Main purpose objective of this study was to investigate anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic/anticancer potential of the synthesized pentavalent antimonials bearing carboxylic acids with a variety of pharmacophores. The activity of these compounds was tested against Leishmanial tropica and human cell lines carcinomas A498 (renal), EVSA-T (breast), H226 (lung), IGROV (ovarian), M19 (melanoma-skin), MCF-7 (breast), WIDR (colon) and MDA-MB-231 and HeLa. Results of biological activities including anti leishmanial and anti-cancer activity demonstrated that the compounds under studies significantly inhibit Leishmania parasite and also showed promising anti-cancer activity. The carboxylic acids showed no considerable results, while p-tolyl (1B-10B) and 2,5-dimethylphenyl (1C-20C) moieties bearing complexes exhibited potent activity compared to the simple phenyl derivatives (1A-18A). The studies also reveal that these compounds have considerable shelflife, reproducibility and stability in solution mediums as used for testing of biological activities. Hence, it is suggested that reported pentavalent antimonials, particularly with p-tolyl and 2,5-dimethylphenyl groups seem to be a safe, reasonable and worthwhile option for the further investigations to hunt the lead therapeutic agents for leishmaniasis and cancer.