پیش لفظ
اْردو ادب سے رشتہ جوڑتے ہی میںنے گلزار ادب سے ایک ایسے پھول توڑنے کی کوشش کی ہے جس کے توڑنے سے دل و دماغ کی انگلیوں کوگھائل ہونے سے بچانا مشکل نہیں بلکہ ناممکن بھی تھا۔ یہ تجربہ میری زندگی کا پہلا اور مشکل تجربہ ثابت ہوا اوریہ احساس ہوا کہ کسی شخصیت پر قلم اْٹھانا اور کسی شخصیت کی فکر اور سوچ کے پوشید ہ گوشوں کی نقاب کشائی کرنا کس قدر کٹھن کام ہے۔ آج یہ کام محنت ، لگن اور بالخصوص اللہ کے فضل وکرم سے اپنے پایہ تکمیل کوپہنچا جوکہ میرے لیے باعث افتخار و مسرت ہے۔ اس ضمن میں بڑی خوشی ہوتی ہے کہ محترم شاعرؔصدیقی جیسے کہنہ مشق سخن ور کی فکر کے در یچوں میں جھانکنے کا موقع ملا اور ان کو قارئین کے سامنے لانے کی ایک کوشش کی۔
شاعرؔصدیقی کا شمار دبستان کراچی کے ممتاز و معروف شعرا میں ہوتاہے جن کا شعری سفر تقریباًسات دہائیوںپرپھیلاہواہے۔شاعرؔصدیقی کااصل نام عبدالرزاق خان ہے۔ آپ یکم فروری۱۹۳۳ء کو کلکتہ میں عبدالغفار خان کے ہاں پیدا ہوئے جو ریلوے میں ملازم تھے۔ابتدائی تعلیم کلکتہ سے حاصل کی تقسیم ہندکے وقت ہجرت کرکے مشرقی پاکستان کے شہر ڈھاکہ چلے آئے۔ اْنہوں نے شاعری کا باقاعدہ آغاز۱۹۴۹ئمیں کیا تھا جب وہ میٹرک کے طالب علم تھے۔ شاعرؔصدیقی ایک ہمہ جہت شخصیت ہیں انھوں نے اْردو شاعری میں غزل،نظم،گیت ،قطعہ،رباعی ، اور دوہا جیسے مقبول اصناف سخن پر طبع آزمائی کی ہے جس میں اْن کی فکری بلندی فنی پختگی کے ساتھ نمایاں ہے۔تحقیق کرتے وقت میرے سامنے بہت سارے موضوعات تھے لیکن شاعرؔصدیقی کے کلام کو پڑھتے ہوئے صحیح معنوں میں، مَیں نے یہ بات محسوس کی کہ گویا یہ بھی میرے دل میں تھا۔ اگرچہ یہ کام مجھ جیسے طالب علم کے لیے مشکل بھی تھا اور باعث فخربھی...
The Islamic scholars have identified several rules which deal with the reciting and reading of the Quran and touching/handling the al-Mushaf: the script of the Quran. One of the most important prerequisites, as viewed by the classical Sunni schools of Islamic law, is taharat, which includes both the physical cleanliness—by ablution (wudu) or complete body wash (ghusl) or both—and the purification of thought from allkinds of disbelief (shirk). By extending the rule of taharat, the mainstream Sunni jurists categorically forbid all non-Muslims from touching the Quran; although they are allowed to touch and read its translation as well as to listen to its recitation. This paper analyzes the views of the mainstream jurists and argues for reappraisal of several aspects of the said condition of taharat for both Muslims and non-Muslims, relying upon those jurists whose views are though different from the mainstream but are more practicable and closer to the objectives of the Islamic Sharia today.
This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. The study population consisted of three groups; A, B and C. Group A comprised of healthy controls, group B comprised of type 2 diabetic patients and group C comprised of type 2 diabetic patients having coronary heart disease (CHD). Each group contained 60 members. The participants of the study were selected randomly from referral tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar including Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar (LRH) and Rehman Medical Institute (RMI). A questionnaire was used to record participant history. Fasting samples of blood were collected from all participants. Biochemical analysis was done for fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and serum adiponectin levels. The biochemical analysis was carried out in the research laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College. SPSS version 19 was used for the analysis of the data. In this study, higher levels of adiponectin were recorded in women than men; significant difference was seen in the control group. Significantly higher concentrations of HbA1c, FBG, TC and TG (p value <0.05), were noted in diabetic participants and those having diabetes with coronary heart disease. Both the diseased groups presented with significantly low serum adiponectin (p<0.001) and HDL-C (p<0.001) concentrations than the control. Participants having type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without CHD did not show any significant difference for the studied variables. iThe association of serum adiponectin with other parameters was determined. Adiponectin level was positively associated with HDL-C in control (male: r 0.948; p=<0.01, female: r 0.988; p=<0.01), type 2 diabetic participants (male: r 0.860; p=<0.01; female: r 0.908; p=<0.01) and type 2 diabetic participants having CHD (male: r 0.650; p=<0.01, female: r 0.775; p=<0.01). Significant negative association of adiponectin level was observed with TG in control (male: r - 0.537; p= <0.01; female: r -0.515; p=0.01), type 2 diabetic participants (male: r -0.747; p =<0.01, female: r -0.790; p=<0.01) and type 2 diabetic participants with CHD (male: r -0.640; p=<0.01, female: r -0.669; p=<0.01). In both the diseased groups, level of adiponectin in the serum was negatively associated with FBG and HbA1c with p value<0.01. The negative association of adiponectin with FBG was slightly weaker in male diabetic patients having CHD with p value 0.04. Type 2 diabetic subjects showed negative association of adiponectin with TC and LDL-C (each with p value<0.01). Type 2 diabetic subjects having CHD showed a weak negative association of adiponectin with TC in female participants with p value 0.03. Control male participants showed negative association with LDL-C in male members (p=0.002). This study concludes that adiponectin level is markedly decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus, with and without CHD. The adiponectin level showed positive association with HDL-C and negative association with HbA1c and TG. Therefore, adiponectin level acts as a biomarker of glycemic status and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus alone and with coronary heart disease.