قاعدة الأصالة والتبعية وأثرها في المعاملات المالية المعاصرة

The Sharīʻah maxims related to originality and dependency are one of the most important maxims which have a significant role in Islamic law. Therefore, the classical jurists paid adequate attention to these maxims and applied them in various issues and cases of fiqh. This paper seeks to analyze the effect of these maxims in different commercial transactions, namely the shariah stauts about the investment and trade in shares of those companies whose mostly transactions are lawful and a few transations are unlawful, shariah status about sale and purchase of shares that contains liquid and fixed assets. This research also explains different types of contracts combined in a single transaction; discusses the effect (with special reference to facilitations and easiness) of said maxims in contracts combined in a single transaction; analyz all the traditions of prophet (ﷺ) about the combination of contracts. The article is divided into two main sections in the following way: First section contains three main Sharīʻah maxims related to originality and dependency. Second deals with the modern applications of these maxims in commercial transactions. An applied and juristic research approach has been employed for the collection and analysis of data.

Impact of Service Quality on Brand Equity and Brand Loyalty: A Study Based on Café Industry of Islamabad

The competitive world today requires a very high brand equity and brand loyalty which can be attained through improved service quality (tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance and empathy). In lieu of the investments in the service quality of cafes, the cafe industry has bloomed to a large scale and proved to be reliable in terms of huge profit and success. The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between the effect of tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance and empathy on brand loyalty and brand equity. This study endeavors to find out how the enrichment in service quality enhances the consumer's commitment to repurchase the product, to continue using the same brand, or to increase the commercial value of the cafe brand that is derived from the customer perception of the brand. The data for the present research study were gathered through structures questionnaires from the cafe consumers of Islamabad. Response from 300 cafe consumers was collected and analyzed. Particularly cafe industry of Islamabad was selected due to its emerging growth in the metropolis. Multiple regression and t-tests were applied for the analysis of data. Findings of this research study show that there is a significant positive relationship of all the dimensions of service quality on brand equity and brand loyalty. Less developed nature of the industry and lack of previous researches limits this study. However, the geographical area can be spread all over Pakistan for the research in future. Besides, other variables can also be added that might contribute towards brand loyalty and brand equity.