مولانا محمد یونس فرنگی محلی مرحوم
بے مہریٔ دہربین کہ دریکْ ہفتہ
گل سرزد وغنچہ گرد دبشگفت و بریخت
نہایت رنج و افسوس اور حسرت و اندوہ کے ساتھ ہم ناظرین کو یہ خبر سناتے ہیں کہ ملک کی بزم دانش کا ایک نوجوان ممبر اٹھ گیا، مولانا محمد یونس فرنگی محلی مرحوم نے پچھلے مہینہ لکھنؤ میں بمرضِ دق وفات پائی۔ مرحوم مولانا عبدالحئی مرحوم فرنگی محلی کے نواسے تھے اور اپنے ذاتی علم و فضل میں اپنے ہمعصر نوجوانوں میں ممتاز تھے۔ ۲۴، ۲۵ برس سے زیادہ عمر نہ تھی، معقولات اور فلسفہ سے ان کو خاص دلچسپی تھی اور اپنی عمر کا بڑا حصہ انہیں کی تحقیق اور کاوش میں بسر کیا۔ خود اپنے ذاتی شوق سے انگریزی اور فلسفۂ جدید حاصل کیا۔ دارالمصنفین اور معارف سے مرحوم کو خاص محبت تھی، کئی سال سے ان کی صحت مخدوش تھی، باایں ہمہ وہ اپنے علمی انہماک سے باز نہیں آتے تھے۔ گزشتہ سال عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی میں پروفیسر ہوکر گئے تھے، وہاں مرض نے طول پکڑا، آخر وطن آکر اس شہید علم نے جان دی، مرحوم کی ایک کتاب ’’روح الاجتماع‘‘ دارالمصنفین سے چھپ کر شائع ہوچکی ہے اور اپنی ایک اور دوسری تصنیف ابن رشد کا مسودہ دارالمصنفین میں بھیج چکے تھے جو عنقریب چھپ کر شائع ہوگی۔ مرحوم کے دوستوں کو ان کی ذات سے بڑی بڑی توقعات تھیں اور خیال تھا کہ ان کی کوششوں سے فرنگی محل کی عقلی اور فلسفیانہ شان پھر دوبارہ زندہ ہوگی۔ افسوس کہ دستِ اجل نے امان نہ دی، انالِلّٰہ۔ (سید سليمان ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۲۲ء)
The Trope (المجاز) is one of the vital chapters in the Eloquence of Arabic Language and its Rhetoric. It has two kinds; the Linguistic Trope/figuration and the Mental Trope/ figuration. In this article I concentrated on Mental Trope and all of its concerned motives in detail with examples of Quranic Verses and Prophetic Hadiths and Arabic Poetry. I have also discussed the view point of Abd Al-Qahir Al-Jurjani and Al-Khatib- Al-Quziani about Mental Trope/ figuration and its Rhetoric mysteries. I also shed light on academic ambivalences and differences in their view points. Furthermore, I have discussed the motives of Mental Trope in the negative mode and elaborated mental/rational circumstances in the negative mode in the light of views of Abd Al-Qahir Al-Jurjani and Saad ul din Al- Taftazani. At the end of this article I have mentioned Mental Trope’s presumptions and concluded the article with best positive sequences.
The importance of English Language teaching in Pakistan is gaining increasing popularity. Apart from the fact that there is a great dearth of research in ELT in Pakistan and that there are no studies existing in Pakistan about the use of process based method of teaching writing at undergraduates level, one importance of this study lies in the fact that without improving upon the pedagogical trends, the writing efficiency of the students can not be developed. This study was designed to explore the impact of process based teaching of writing on the writing performance of undergraduates of Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur. The study focused on the performance and perception of two classes of students at two different stages of the investigation. Participants of one class Experimental Class (EC) received the treatment in the form of new process based method of teaching writing and the other group Control Class (CC) was taught by the traditional method of teaching writing. The data collection tools used in this study was questionnaires, writing tests, document analysis and a checklist for classroom observation. The subjects of this study included 48 students from experimental class and 38 students from control class for perception data, and as subset of 20 participants from each group formed the sample for the product data. 10 teachers of English also took part in this study. Being experimental and comparative in nature, simple statistical percentages for perception data and correlated t- test was used to analyze the perception and the product data respectively. The study revealed that there is highly significant difference between the writing performance of the participants in the experimental class and the control class. The results of control class showed that the students were very passive during the process of learning writing and teacher focused more on grammatical structures, reproduction and writing summaries than on actual writing. Writing as a process was totally ignored in this class. Moreover, students of control class showed great dissatisfaction about teaching methodology and about their writing efficiency. But the experimental class in the post process teaching investigation showed great change in their perception and level of performance, which obviously indicated that the methodology used in the experimental group was more effective in addressing the needs and improving the efficiency of the students. They can write better paragraphs and essays than before. Moreover the classroom observation analysis supported the findings elicited from other data sets. The study found that there is great need for teachers to improve their teaching practice, keep themselves abreast with the latest techniques of teaching writing and extend learning freedom to students by ensuring their participation in the teaching and learning process. Finally, the study concludes that students’ writing skills can only be developed by enough classroom practice in writing and effective teaching methodology.