مسٹر کینیڈی
امریکہ کے پریسڈنٹ مسٹر کنیڈی کا قتل بہت بڑا بین الاقوامی حادثہ ہے، جس کا اثر پوری دنیا کی سیاست پر پڑیگا، وہ غیر معمولی صلاحیتوں کے مالک تھے، ابھی ان کی عمر ۴۶ سال کی تھی، اور ان کی مدت صدارت بھی ڈھائی سال سے زیادہ نہ تھی، اس عمر اور اس مدت میں بین الاقوامی معاملات میں انہوں نے جس تدبر اور ہوشمندی کا ثبوت دیا وہ ان کی سیاسی بصیرت اور عالی دماغی کی بین شہادت ہے، وہ مختلف رنگ و نسل کی قوموں کے درمیان مساوات، دوستانہ تعلقات اور امن کے بڑے علم بردار تھے، اور اس راہ میں ان کے بڑے کارنامے ہیں، وہ نسلی تفریق و امتیاز کے سخت خلاف تھے اور اس میں انہوں نے اپنی قوم کی بھی مخالفت کی پرواہ نہیں کی اور نیگرو اور یورپین نژاد امریکنوں کے درمیان حقوق کے مساوات کی کوشش کے جرم میں قتل کیے گئے، اس لیے ان کا قتل درحقیقت انسانیت کی راہ کی قربانی ہے، مذہبی حیثیت سے بھی وہ قابل قدر تھے، وہ راسخ العقیدہ کیتھلک تھے، پروٹسٹنٹ میں تو برائے نام مذہب رہ گیا ہے، گورومن کیتھلک کی بعض رسمیں مشرکانہ ہیں لیکن یورپ و امریکہ کی خدا بیزار اور مادہ پرست سرزمین میں مذہب انہی کے دم سے زندہ ہے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۶۳ء)
The use of religious models in political arena has been a vital tool in the hands of politicians in order to achieve secular objectives, unattainable otherwise. In current research several Confessional features are discussed, with particular emphasis on political confession where a religious practice (confession) is maneuvered to support political acrobats in South African post-apartheid politics. The research evaluates the authenticity of confessional model introduced in South African Truth and reconciliation commission (TRC); a post-apartheid political practice. Current research gauges the relationship of confession and forgiveness in South African context in the light of Coetzee’s Disgrace. The authenticity of contrition is discussed which is the pivotal element in this whole process. This paper evaluates TRC in reference to justice and the grant of amnesty to the violators of gross human rights, how justice is abrogated in order to bring reconciliation. The way TRC attached reconciliation to forgiveness was wrong in its very roots.
The friendly relations between India and China started after 1949 but got strained very soon as a result of the border issues. The relations got normalized after 1980s. Though they are trying to maintain their cordial relations but still there is competition on economic and strategic level. One such issue is the hydrocarbon resources of Central Asia. CARs appear on the world map as a result of the disintegration of Soviet Union after 1990. There are abundant of natural resources in the land locked Central Asian countries. Numerous regional and world powers wants to have a share in the natural resources of the Central Asian region. India and China are also in competition for the resources of this area. They are trying to find alternative routes for the transportation of these resources to their own countries. India has started to maintained friendly relations with the region but it has no direct links with the region. It has made investment in the Chabahar sea port of Iran and is also busy in the construction of INSTC to make its access easy to the region. China has also hugely invested in Central Asia. China has maintained strategic and economic relations with Central Asia. It is constructing pipeline and road networks for the transportation of the resources from Central Asia. Major objectives of the study are to analyze Sino-Indian competition for the resources of Central Asia and to examine its implications for Pakistan. To achieve the mentioned objectives, descriptive, analytical and predictive methodology is adopted. The bulk of the study is attained through analysis of the books, research papers, documents and newspapers etc. The research concludes that India is lagging behind China in Central Asia regarding the competition of the resources. The CPEC project in Pakistan is a part of ―one belt one route‖ policy of China for the connection of various countries and regions for trade purposes. It would connect China to Indian Ocean and then to the other parts of the world. It would be helpful in bringing economic and industrial development in Pakistan and would develop the region as whole. It is one of the important recommendations that Pakistan should make friendly relations with its neighbors and should resolve its issues with them in order to get the benefits of the above-mentioned competition and to avoid its lose.