The Effect of Physical Activity on the Menstrual Cycle at Martial Art Putri at the University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Menstruation is a factor that reflects a woman's functional potential which can be influenced by a number of variables including age, family history, socioeconomic status, education, physical activity, personality, exercise, weight, height, stress, infection, percentage of fat distribution and hormonal. Physical exercise or sports affect the menstrual cycle of the participants of  martial art Muhammadiyah. This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity on the menstrual cycle, namely female combatants in the martial art Muhammadiyah arts education. According to research conducted in a number of countries, including other developing countries, it is said that menstrual disorders are quite a problem faced by Hillard women and found that female students show more frequent problems with irregular menstruation.

Investigation of Envelope Solitons and Modulational Instability in Multicomponent Plasmas

The study of nonlinear wave propagation in plasmas is an emerging area of research to understand of energy or particle transport phenomenon in space, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. In this work, modulational instability and envelope solitons excitations of electrostatic plasma waves in dilute plasmas are studied in the presence and absence of magnetic field in multicomponent plasmas. Envelope solitons are excited in a plasma medium when wave dispersion due to group velocity is balanced with nonlinearity of the medium. The excitation, propagation, stability of envelope modulated soliton structures and freak/rogue waves in different multicomponent plasmas are discussed. Plasma models comprised of electron-positron-ion, electronion- dust are considered with and without magnetic field for static and dynamic dust charged particles. Both positive and negative polarities of static charged dust particles are taken and studied their effects on propagation characteristics of nonlinear structures. The thermal (Maxwellian distribution) as well as nonthermal (kappa distributions function) for light mass plasmas species such as electrons and positrons, are considered to describe the excitations and stability of envelope solitons in space plasmas. The well known Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky (KBM) method is applied to derive nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) for amplitude modulation of the plasma waves. This method is useful for explaining the long time behavior of the solution which consists of varying the wave amplitude so slowly that no secular term arises in the solution. The analytical and numerical investigations of NLSE are presented for different plasmas systems. The modulational instability and its growth rate are also discussed in detail. The stable and unstable regions for Ion acoustic wave (IAW), Dust-ion acoustic wave (DIAW), Dust-ion cyclotron wave (DICW), Dust acoustic wave (DAW) and Dust cyclotron wave (DCW) are investigated for the formation of dark or bright envelope solitons. The role of different plasma parameters like, plasmas density, temperature, spectral index, dust polarity, magnetic field and propagation angle on the stability of nonlinear envelope soliton structures are presented. The observations and propagation of fundamental rogue waves (RWs) and super RWs in space plasmas and in laboratory experiments are also pointed out.