سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری کا ارتقاء(۱۹۴۷ ء تا۲۰۱۰)
سیالکوٹ ایک تاریخی اور ادبی خطہ رہا ہے۔ اس کی تاریخ پانچ ہزار سال پر محیط ہے ۔یہ خطہ جغرافیائی لحاظ سے اس مقام پر واقع ہے جہاں کئی آبی گذرگاہیں ہیں۔ کشمیر اور پنجاب کے دیگر تجارتی شہروں سے اس کا قریبی رابطہ ہے۔ سیالکوٹ تاریخی، ثقافتی، سماجی، تہذیبی، علمی اور ادبی لحاظ سے لاہور اور دوسرے ادبی، ثقافتی، تہذیبی، تاریخی اور علمی شہروں سے کسی طور پر بھی کم نہیں ۔ اس شہر کی ثقافت توانائی اور رنگا رنگی لیے ہوئے ہے۔ یہاں کے میلے ٹھیلے، روایتی تہوار اور دیگر ثقافتی سرگرمیاں اس خطے کو ہمیشہ ممتاز کرتی رہی ہیں۔
سیالکوٹ کو اقبال و فیض کے مولد ہونے کا لا زوال فخر حاصل ہے۔ یہ ایک صنعتی شہر ہے۔ اس کی آبادی تقریباً تیس لاکھ سے زیادہ نفوس پر مشتمل ہے سر زمین سیالکوٹ صدیوں کی انسانی تہذیب و تمدن اور ادب و ثقافت کا عظیم الشان گہوارہ ہے ۔ اس دھرتی کے تاریخی آثار مدت سے مورخین و ماہرین آثار قدیمہ کی دلچسپی کا سامان بھی رہے ہیں ۔ یہاں کی تہذیب ٹیکسلا اور موہنجو ڈارو کی تہذیبوں کے ہم پلہ ہے۔
سیالکوٹ کی مٹی بڑی زرخیز اور مردم خیز ہے ۔سرزمین سیالکوٹ نے علم و ادب اور فنون لطیفہ کے میدانوں میں گراں قدر خدمات سرانجام دی ہیں۔ اس خطے کے باشندوں نے پاکستان کی صنعتی و اقتصادی ترقی کے ساتھ ساتھ علم و فن کی خدمت بھی جاری رکھی ۔ ماضی میں ملا کمال کشمیری ، ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی، امین حزیں سیالکوٹی ، اثر صہبائی، مرزا ریاض اور غلام الثقلین نقوی نے علمی وادبی حوالے سے سیالکوٹ کا نام روشن کیا۔ مولوی میر حسن ، مولوی ابراہیم میر، ڈاکٹر جمشید راٹھور اور یوسف سلیم چشتی نے علم کی پیاس بجھائی۔...
Holy Quran is the most sacred scripture bestowed by Allah Almighty upon his bellowed prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Unlike other scriptures, Allah Almighty himself took the responsibility of safety and safe custody of the Holy Quran. That is why, despite passage of more than 1400 years, the Holy Quran remained intact, wordwise as well as meaningwise and will remain intact till the end of the world. Such a unique status of the Holy Quran could not be tolerated by the enemies of Islam and Prophet of Islam. Therefore, they decided to present Holy Quran as a defective document before its readers. For this purpose, they chose to highlight and exploit the short and abbreviated incidents, described by the Holy Quran, under the term of “Muthashalihat”, by adding and narrating false, nonsense and most astonishing stories, just to divert attention of the readers from the basic learning of Holy Quran, towards un-realistic and bogus stories. Accordingly majority of the readers have shown great interest in these stories, which fall under the title of Israiliat Unfortunately, the said stories are included in dozens of Translations Tafaseer of the Holy Quran. In order to acquaint readers of the actual status of Israiliat, the undersigned has started working on the subject. Since Tafseer-e-Jalalain is included in the Syllabus of Maddaris and being taught for the last many years, therefore, I have chosen the same in the first instance, and pray Allah Almighty to help me out in completing my assignment.
Phosphorus deficiency is a serious threat to crop production around the globe. Plant species and even cultivars within species vary greatly in P efficiency. This variation in P efficiency is greatly influenced by different parameters, growth medium and environment. The basic knowledge of P efficiency mechanisms would be helpful for plant breeders to produce P efficient cultivars. The research project comprised of four separate experiments focusing on three major objectives i) study differential response of wheat genotypes under P stress; ii) compare P efficiency calculation methods; and iii) yield contributing parameters under P stress in glasshouse and in field conditions. Wheat genotypes were evaluated for total P, seeds phytate P fraction, various growth, physiological and yield related attributes in series of nutrient solution and soil culture experiments under wire house and field environments. First study (focussed on seeds total P and phytate P fractions) revealed that genotype Inqlab-91 had maximum total P in grains (8.9 mg g-1) and pre-green revolution genotypes accumulated low phytate P in seeds (averaged 1.8 mg g-1) as compared to post-green revolution genotypes (averaged 3.5 mg g-1). During second study, different classification methods/systems for selecting genotypes against P tolerance were compared. To accommodate more number of parameters according need and focus of the researcher a modified P efficiency calculation method was developed. In another study, we compared P efficiency in glasshouse and field conditions. There were significant variations in growth behavior of cultivars in glasshouse and field conditions. Highest P utilization efficiency under glasshouse condition was observed in cultivar Sandal (96.7%) while under field condition highest P utilization efficiency was observed in cultivar Inqilab-91 (86.4%). In last study, we compared different parameters and observed that parameters like grain yield, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, P uptake, tissue P concentration, number of productive tillers, spikelet per spike, grain weight, and harvest index were found responsible for P efficiency. As a whole, genotypes/cultivars Dirk, MaxiPak-65, Blue Silver, Chakwal-86, SH-02 and Darabi-11 were found efficient in P efficiency/tolerance and could be used in future farming while genotypes/cultivars Pari-73, Sandal-73, Wadanak-83, Iqbal-2000 and Seher-06 were found in-efficient in P efficiency. Genotype SH-02 was efficient in P acquisition and genotype Iqbal-2000 was in-efficient in P acquisition. This project will serve as base for plant breeders in selecting wheat genotypes by choosing suitable method of P efficiency calculation, growth medium and parameters responsible for P efficiency mechanisms.