عبدالحمید سعید
افسوس ہے کہ مصر کی ایک بہت بڑی ہستی سے دنیا خالی ہوگئی، عبدالحمید سعیدبے مصر کے ان جواں مردوں میں تھے جو مصر چھوڑ کر یورپ میں رہ پڑے تھے اور یہ عہد کرلیا تھا کہ جب تک مصر آزاد نہ ہولے گا وہ مصر کی زمین میں قدم نہیں رکھیں گے، مصر اور انگلستان کے گزشتہ معاہدہ کے بعد وہ مصر واپس آئے تھے، میری ان کی ملاقات ۱۹۲۰ء میں وفد خلافت کے دوسرے ارکان کے ساتھ اٹلی کے پایۂ تخت رومہ میں ہوئی تھی، وہ اپنے قدوقامت اور ڈیل ڈول کے لحاظ سے شوکت علی مرحوم سے ملتے جلتے تھے اور انہی کی طرح قومی و مذہبی جوش و خروش سے بھرے ہوئے تھے ایک بہت موٹا ڈنڈا جس کے موٹھ میں اہرام مصری کی شکل بنی ہوئی تھی، اپنے ہاتھ میں رکھتے تھے، انہوں نے اس وقت تک شادی نہیں کی تھی، کہتے تھے کہ غلاموں کی تعداد بڑھانے سے فائدہ کیا۔
وہ پہلے بالکل وطن پرور یا نیشنلسٹ تھے، مگر مصر آنے کے بعد ان کے حالات میں ایک نیا تغیر ہوا، انہوں نے عالمگیر اسلامی برادری (پین اسلامزم) کی تحریک مصر کے نوجوانوں میں شروع کی، انجمن شبان المسلمین کی بنیاد ڈالی، اس کی شاخیں مصر کے اطراف میں پھیلائیں اور اس کی کوشش کی کہ دنیائے اسلام کے دوسرے حصوں میں اس کی شاخیں قائم ہوں چنانچہ بمبئی میں اس کی ایک شاخ قائم ہے۔ چند سال ہوئے کہ انہوں نے اپنی محبت سے مصر کی شبان المسلمین کا ممبر خاکسار کو بھی بنایا جامع ازہر کی طرف سے جو وفد ہندوستان آیا تھا اس کے ایک رکن انجمن شبان المسلمین کے بھی نمائندہ تھے اور مقصد یہ تھا کہ مصر و ہندوستان کی اسلامی برادریوں میں تعلقات مضبوط کئے جائیں۔
ان کی اس تحریک...
This study evaluates the handling of corruption cases by the Prosecutor's Office, the Police and the Corruption Eradication Commission throughout 2022 and gives a fair grade (C) with a handling percentage of about 50% of the target of 2,772 cases. A comparative assessment of the last five years illustrates the dynamics of the handling of corruption cases. Quantitative charts highlight trends in enforcement, from the number of cases to potential losses to the state. Mapping corruption cases using the influence peddling mode involves identifying, analyzing, and summarizing patterns. Mapping steps include identification of cases, analysis of characteristics, creation of visual maps, integration of contextual factors, trend analysis, and recommendations. This mapping supports the understanding and formulation of strategies for dealing with corruption cases using the influence trading mode. In 2022, budget abuse dominates, followed by price gouging and fictitious activities. The high prevalence of these three methods indicates a lack of oversight in development and widespread corruption in the procurement of goods and services. Of the 579 cases, 43% involved the procurement of goods and services. Influence trading methods were also identified and used 19 times. The delegation of great authority to regional heads creates bargaining in the promotion and transfer of ASN. The case of buying and selling positions involving Regional Heads and ASN reflects the symbiosis between the two, with greed for power and ASN's desire to obtain immediate positions. The rise in this case is likened to an iceberg phenomenon, with the possibility that many cases have yet to be discovered.
Learner autonomy refers to a state where a learner seeks the understanding of the concepts more independently, takes charge of the learning and becomes more motivated and self-supportive towards the learning procedures. It has become a much discussed phenomena and has been given immense importance from the last few decades however it‟s still not practically implemented in the foreign language classrooms. The students in the foreign language classrooms are still much relying on their teachers and take less responsibility of their own learning. The present study is a quasi-experimental research design. The study at first explored the existing level of English as a foreign language learners with reference to autonomy practices, in the context of Punjab, Pakistan. The autonomy of the learners was examined through their use of foreign language learning strategies in the language classrooms. The study intended to design a learner-training program to develop autonomy among Pakistani foreign language learners. An eclectic approach was used in the research design, thus the learning-training program was designed on the basis of multiple theories of learner autonomy, with a compilation of foreign language learning strategies in each lesson. The major frameworks used for the research design were Oxford‟s framework (2011) Andrew‟s framework (2007), and Chamot‟s framework (2005), whereas the language learning strategies chosen for the learner-training program were cognitive, metacognitive and social-affective language learning strategies. The target population of the study was university level students of Lahore, Punjab (Pakistan), studying English as a compulsory subject and the sample was bachelor‟s level students of a public sector university of Lahore. The sample consisted of a nonintervention/control group and an intervention/experimental group each with 52 number of students. The learner- training program was implemented on the intervention group for 27 weeks. The quantitative data was collected through a pretest questionnaire, a post-test questionnaire and language learning diaries whereas the qualitative data was collected through the interviews of the participants. The findings of the research revealed that the learner-training program proved to be successful where the participants of the intervention group were using foreign language learning strategies in their language classrooms, were independently doing classroom tasks, and were very motivated to use autonomy practices in future as well. The research suggests that the use of language learning strategies can be introduced in the language classrooms to enhance autonomy among the foreign language learners. The learnertraining program can further be beneficial for the foreign language teachers as they can use the autonomous learning practices to make their language classrooms more engaging and interactive.