عصر حاضر میں مسلم معاشروں کو درپیش نظریہ الحاد کا فکری چیلنج اور اسلامی تناظر میں اس کا حل

Ideological Challenges of Atheism to the Muslim Societies and their Solutions from Islamic Perspective It’s a matter of fact that Muslim Societies are facing many socio-political and religious challenges within contemporary dominant waves of thought. One of the serious challenges being faced by the Muslim in the current scenario is Atheism. Although in past era, the Atheism couldn’t become influential with general acceptance of commoners but recently, the ideology of Atheism is spreading fast with statistically reported impact on all religions and civilizations. Atheism is a lack of belief in God, gods or any supernatural being along with the rejection of belief that any deities exist. The philosophy of atheism is nothing new, but it has changed its manifestations over a period. This is obvious that Atheism has now become a serious challenge ideologically and morally for Muslim societies. We are living in a fast-changing society, where preservation of Islamic belief is a challenging task particularly for the new young generation and modern educated lot. Atheists use every possible and available mean and tool for preaching their thoughts and beliefs i.e. Print media, electronic media and above all social media. In this context, this study will explore the questions that; what are the effects of Atheism in Muslim Societies and what is its solution in Islamic perspective? Analytical research methodology will be used in this study. This study perceives that the public and private sector universities are the soft target of Atheism. There is suggested legal, ethical & ideological mechanisms to protect Muslim Societies from threat of Atheism.

Diagnostic Efficiacy of Immunochromatography Technique for Detection of Viral Hepatitisinfection in Suspected Serum Specimens

A prospective study was conducted in order to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of immunochromatography assays for qualitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies, using commercially available rapid test devices. Rural population of district Chakwal visiting primary care hospitals for screening of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections was selected as study population. Coagulated blood specimens were collected from a total of 500 individuals; serum was separated and stored at -20 C till analysis. Necessary demographic information with previous exposure and screening history of each individual was also recorded in pre designed performa. The stored serum specimens were analyzed for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies through immunochromatography technique (ICT) and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) using commercially available ICT rapid test devices and ELISA kits. Out of total 500 specimens analyzed through ICT for HBs Ag detection, 15 exhibited positive outcome for the infection whereas analysis of the same specimens through standard ELIS test revealed 16 true positives. One of the ICT tested specimens was therefore recorded as false negative. The sensitivity of rapid test device for HBs Ag detection was therefore 93.75% with 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 99.8% diagnostic accuracy. Similarly 34 of the 500 ICT tested specimens exhibited positive outcome for hepatitis C virus infection whereas 37 true positives were recorded when same specimens were analyzed through standard ELISA test. The sensitivity of ICT rapid test device for HCV Ab detection was therefore 91.89% with 99.57% specificity, 94.44% positive predictive value, 99.35% negative predictive value and 99% diagnostic accuracy. The findings indicate that the rapid diagnostic immunoassays, in spite of requiring minimum time and equipment, are not comparable with standard ELISA for screening of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections.