مولوی نورالہدیٰ ندوی بہاریؔ
مولانا عبدالرحمان مرحوم کے ماتم سے ابھی آنکھیں خشک نہیں ہوئی تھیں کہ ہم کو ندوہ کے ایک دوسرے قابل فرزند مولوی نورالہدیٰ ندوی کے ماتم میں اشک بار ہونا پڑا، جو مقاصد ندوہ کی تکمیل میں ابھی تگ ودو کررہا تھا، مرحوم نے تقریباً سات سال تک ندوہ میں عربی کی تعلیم حاصل کی، پھر تین سال مدرسۂ الٰہیات کانپور میں بسر کرکے انگریزی شروع کی اور اس سال بی اے آنر کا امتحان دیا تھا اور اس کے بعد ہم ان سے مقاصد ندوہ کے مطابق ہر قسم کی علمی توقعات قائم کرسکتے تھے، جن کے آثار ان کی زندگی کے نہایت ابتدائی دور سے نمایاں تھے اور تعلیمی ترقی کے ساتھ ساتھ ان میں بھی تدریجی ترقی ہوتی جاتی تھی، چنانچہ وہ پہلے ندوہ میں طلبہ کے قلمی رسالہ الاصلاح کے اڈیٹر رہے، پھر کلکتہ میں ایک روزنامہ کو اڈٹ کیا، رسالہ حور جو کلکتہ سے نکل کر چند ماہ کے بعد بند ہوگیا، انہیں کے دست و بازو کے بل پر نکلتا رہا۔ معارف میں بھی انہوں نے بعض مضامین لکھے تھے، لیکن اب تکمیل کے بعد جب کہ یہ توقعات باضابطہ اور مستقل صورت اختیارکرتیں:
این ماتم سخت است کہ گویند جوان مرد
(سید سليمان ندوی،جون ۱۹۲۶ء)
Cannibalism (Akl-e-Mayyet) refers to the act or practice of humans, eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings i.e. Corpses. It is also termed as anthropophagy. A person who practices cannibalism is known as cannibal. In the recent past it was reported in the public media that two brothers from Bhakkar (Pakistan) were caught red handed practicing cannibalism. In the article under reference efforts have been made to highlight the status of human being from Islamic perspectve with special reference to their nourishment. This paper also emphasizes a critical study of the opinions of the Jurists regarding human cannibalism.
This thesis is a part of a research project on pharmacokinetic modeling of enteric coated microparticulate formulations of Metoprolol tartrate. First part of this study dealt with pharmaceutical aspects i.e. formulation development, while second part of study dealt with mathematical modeling of pharmacokinetics. Firstly, this study was aimed to develop in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) level A, B and C for encapsulated Metoprolol tartrate (T1, T2 and T3 having Metoprolol tartrate/polymer ratio of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 by weight/weight). The in vitro data was correlated with in vivo data. For IVIVC level A, drug absorption data was calculated using Wagner-Nelson method. In addition, convolution approach was used to approximate plasma drug levels from in vitro dissolution data. The coefficient of determination (R2) for level A was 0.720, 0.905, 0.928 and 0.878 for Mepressor®, T, T2 and T3 formulations, respectively with acceptable percent error (<15%). The value of (R2) for level B and C was 0.231 and 0.714, respectively. It is also concluded that IVIVC level A is a proficient mathematical model for biowaiver studies involving study parameters as those implemented for T1S (T1 formulation tested for dissolution in the presence of sodium lauryl sulphate) revealing that IVIVC level A is dosage form specific, rather than to be drug specific. Secondly, the aimed of this study was to assess and apply the in vitro to in vivo profiling (IVIVP), a new biowaiver approach, in designing a product with specific release pattern. The IVIVC was established by plotting the observed and predicted plasma drug concentrations. For IVIVC, convolution approach was employed to estimate plasma drug concentrations from in vitro dissolution profiles. The IVIVC for T1S exhibited a good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.963) followed by the T2 (R2 = 0.682), T3 (R2 = 0.665), T1 (R2 = 0.616), and Mepressor® (R2 = 0.345). Establishing an IVIVP, based on IX the convolution approach, can be more useful and practicable in the biowaiver studies, rather than present complicated practice of IVIVC estimated via deconvolution approach. This study also elaborates that there is good correlation between the IVIV profiles of the developed Metoprolol tartrate formulations, particularly for T1S.