سفیر لیلیٰ
سفیر لیلیٰ بھی ناطق کا شعری مجموعہ ہے جس میں نظمیں اور غزلیں دونو ں شامل ہیں اور علی نام کی برکت بھی شامل ہے جہلم بک کارنر نے اسے شائعکیا ہے۔
علیؑ نام کا تلک لگایا علی ؑ نام کی مالا
علیؑ نام سے جوڑا میں نے من کا دھرم شالا
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ناطق نے اپنی کتاب سفیر لیلیٰ میں ’’علی نام ‘‘سے ایک نظم شامل کی ہے اور وہ کہتے ہیں کہ یہ ان کی کتاب میں علی نام کی برکت کے طور پر ہے۔ علی نام کیلئے وہ عقیدت رکھتے ہیں اور یہی عقیدت ان کی اس کتاب میں پائی گئی۔وہ اس برکت کو اپنے لیے تحفہ سمجھتے ہیں اور اپنے تن من دھن کو علی نام کہ سپرد کرتے ہیں۔
فکشن
ناطق نے فکشن کا ہنر بھی آزمایا ہے البتہ ابتدا انھوں نے شاعری سے کی ہے۔فکشن میں ان کے دوافسانوی مجموعے دو ناول اور ایک سوانحی ناول شامل ہیں۔ان کو ادبی دنیا میں نثر کے حوالے سے بھی خاص مقام حاصل ہے۔ان کی فکشن کے حوالے سے درج ذیل کتابیں ہیں۔قائم دین(افسانے) شاہ محمد کا ٹانگہ(افسانے) نولکھی کوٹھی (ناول)کماری والا(ناول) فقیر بستی میں تھا(سوانحی ناول)۔
Due to male dominance in society as well as in households, the rights of females are ignored. Hence, there exists gender discrimination while giving food to family members which in turn results in poor health status for females. Therefore, it is important to explore the causes of this unequal distribution of food among family members Objective: To determine psychosocial factors causing gender discrimination regarding food distribution among families Methods: Data collected from fifty females aged 15-80 years, selected from the urban community using non-probability consecutive sampling, were used for analysis. Females with malnutrition, psychological disorders, with laparotomy and major surgery were excluded. Gender discrimination was assessed as males or male children were preferred for better and more food items like fresh food, meat, fruits, milk, dairy products and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see the impact selected factors on gender discrimination Results: The large family size (> 6 members) showed significantly higher odds of discrimination (OR=3.89; 95% CI= 1.03-15.26) than smaller families. The odds of food discrimination were 4 times more for the families, with males being earning hand (OR=4.57; 95% CI= 1.19-18.31). Similarly, there exist higher odds of gender discrimination in low-income families (OR=5.10; 95% CI= 1.18-23.87). While maternal education reduces the chances of food discrimination (OR=0.10; 95% CI= 0.02-0.42) Conclusions: Psychosocial factors such as large family size, low monthly income, males being earning hand and maternal education were found to be associated with gender discrimination regarding food distribution among family members.
Indiscriminate release of heavy metal pollutants into the environment from point and non-point industrial sources has posed a major threat to all kinds of organisms inhabiting aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The application of biosorption i.e., removal of heavy metal ions by the use of biomass, has emerged as a promising technique in the past few years. Utilization of green filamentous algae in this technology still remains largely unexplored. In the present study, the biosorption capacities of biomass of filamentous green algae, Spirogyra cummunis, Cladophora delmatica, and Spirogyra spp. were evaluated for toxic heavy metals, such as Cadmium, Cd (II) and hexavalent Chromium, Cr (VI). The biosorptive binding sites were studied with the help of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometer (FTIR). Results revealed that the rate and extent of uptake were influenced by pH, contact time, and biosorbent concentration. The optimum pH value for uptake of Cd (II) was found to be 5.0 and that of Cr (VI) 4.0 by all the studied biosorbents. The equilibrium sorption data for Cd (II) at pH 5.0 and that of Cd (II) at pH 4.0 were described by various adsorption isotherms, such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best suited for the interpretation of acquired data, showing monolayer adsorption and Freundlich theorem, the worst. Values of Cd (II) sorption capacity, (qmax) for the studied species were found to be 1.44, 11.9 and 14.42 and those of Cr (VI) were 498, 411 and 312, respectively. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also studied. The results showed that pseudo-second order kinetics was suitable for the interpretation of data and thermodynamically biosorption was found to be feasible and spontaneous under the given conditions, in case of all the biosorption investigations undertaken in the present study. SEM and FTIR revealed biosorptive binding sites and possible electronegative functional groups, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, etc., on the surface of biosorbents which could favor the binding of cations, such as Cd (II) and Cr (VI) ions.