پروفیسر خورشید الاسلام
پروفیسر خورشید الاسلام ۱۸؍ جون کو علی گڑھ کی خاک کا پیوند ہوگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ جولائی ۱۹۱۹ء میں مراد آباد اور بجنور کی سرحد پر واقع ایک گاؤں امری میں پیدا ہوئے، یہ اور مشہور شاعر اختر الایمان گہرے دوست تھے اور فتح پوری ہائی اسکول میں ساتھ ہی پڑھتے تھے اور دونوں اسکول کے مشہور ڈبیٹر اور بہترین مقرر تھے، بی اے کرنے کے بعد خورشید الاسلام صاحب کچھ عرصے رسالہ ’’آج کل‘‘ کے سب اڈیٹر رہے اور ۱۹۴۳ء میں ایم اے کرنے کے لیے علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی آئے، یہاں پھر اختر الایمان کا ساتھ ہوا اور دونوں ۱۹۴۴ء میں یونیورسٹی کی نمائندگی کے لیے حیدر آباد گئے اور ہفت روزہ اردو کانگریس میں شریک ہوئے، خورشید الاسلام صاحب ۱۹۴۵ء میں ایم اے کرنے کے بعد علی گڑھ یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ اردو میں لکچرر ہوگئے اور ۱۹۷۳ء میں پروفیسر ہوئے،اور جب پروفیسر آل احمد سرور سبکدوش ہوئے تو یہ صدر شعبہ ہوئے۔
مضمون نگاری شروع کی تو مولانا شبلی پر ہاتھ صاف کیا، مولانا پر ان کا یہ مضمون ان کی کتاب ’’تنقیدیں‘‘ میں شامل ہے، اس کا آغاز اس طرح کیا ہے ’’شبلی پہلے یونانی تھے جو مسلمانوں میں پیدا ہوئے‘‘ بعض لوگوں کا خیال ہے کہ یہ مضمون ان کی علمی شہرت کا باعث بنا اور مولانا ابوالکام آزاد نے اس کو بہت پسند کیا، ان کی سفارش پر خورشید صاحب کو لندن یونیورسٹی میں ملازمت مل گئی مگر راقم نے سنا ہے کہ مولانا نے ان کے نام ہی کو غلط قرار دیا کہ اس میں مضاف و مضاف الیہ دولسانی ہیں۔
بہرحال وہ لندن یونیورسٹی میں تدریسی خدمت پر مامور رہے اور آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی سے شائع ہونے والی اردو انگریزی لغت کے اڈیٹر بھی مقرر ہوئے، انہوں نے یونیسکو پروجیکٹ کے تحت ’’غالبؔ۔ حیات اور...
Numerous crimes are being committed in present era. One of the most heinous crime amongst them is child abuse. Incidents of children who have been murdered after sexual abuse are rife in our nominal Islamic society. Moreover, videos and photos are also made during child abuse. Then these videos are posted on the social media. Both Muslim and non-Muslim communities are suffering from this brutal act i.e child abuse. In Pakistan, the reasons of increase in crime rates include psychological disorders, urge to fulfill one’s sexual desires, poverty, unemployment and detachment from religion. Such kind of abominable acts are becoming common in Pakistan day by day. According to Islamic jurisprudence rape is a punishable crime. Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) himself has punished the perpetrators for such acts of crime. Once in the era of Holy Prophet (SAW), a Jew crushed the head of a girl by placing it in between two stones. When Prophet (SAW) was informed about the incident, He (SAW) called upon the Jew who confessed his crime. Then Prophet (SAW) asked his companions to punish him by crushing his head with stones. It can be deduced from this narration that the culprits involved in such loathsome crimes should be punished publicly in order to wipe out this devilish act of crime from the society. The purpose of writing this research paper is to describe the reasons for the increase in rate of sexual abuse of children and its eradication in the light of Fiqh ul Seerah. This research paper followed descriptive and analytical methods
In many arid and semi-arid regions, use of brackish ground water has become necessary for irrigation to balance rapidly increasing water demands. Addition of organic material such as farm manure and crop residues would be useful in improving soils that are otherwise deteriorated when brackish water is used for irrigation. Keeping in view role of mulching and farm manure in ameliorating ill effects of brackish water, two years (2009- 2011) field studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of mulching (control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % soil cover) and farm manure (control, 10, 20 and 30 Mg ha-1) on water use efficiency, soil properties and crop growth. A randomized complete block design with four replications was followed for laying out the experiments. Four field studies were conducted at the research farms of the College of Agriculture D. G. Khan, Sub Campus of University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. In Study-1, two experiments were conducted following cotton- wheat rotation and in Study-2, two experiments were conducted following mung-wheat rotation. Crops were grown during their normal planting seasons, with recommended seed rate and planting methodology. These crops were irrigated with brackish water and measured amount of irrigation was ensured using cut-throat flume. Soil samples collected from 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60-90 and 90-120 cm soil depth before sowing and at each crop harvest, were analyzed for EC1:5, pH, bulk density, N, P, K and organic carbon concentration. It was observed that the farm manure at 30 Mg ha-1 (FM4) and mulch at 7.6 Mg-1 ha (M5, 100 % SC) produced the maximum cotton, wheat and mung crop yield as compared to control. Whereas economic and marginal analysis indicates that FM4 gave more economical yield as compared to all other levels of farm manure and mulch during both of the years. As for as soil properties were concerned more soil bulk density was found in controlled treatments while less was found in M5 and FM4. Infiltration rate significantly decreased in M5 and FM4 applied plots compared to control. Maximum EC1:5 was obtained in control, where as minimum value was obtained in FM4 (30 Mg ha-1) and M5 (100 % Soil cover). Maximum values of NPK and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents were observed at maximum level of mulching (M5) and farm manure (FM4) as compared to control. The highest values of NPK, SOC, EC1:5, SAR, pH, soil bulk density and salt accumulation was observed at upper soil depth compared to lower soil depth whereas percent increase was more in lower soil depths as compared to upper soil depths. Maximum water use efficiency was obtained in case of FM4 and M5 as compared to control. Minimum salt concentration were observed in case of M5 (100 % soil coverage was done) and FM3 (20 Mg ha-1). Root length density of wheat crop was more in M5 and FM4 as compared to control and in upper soil layers as compared to lower soil layers. It is clear from the results that manuring and mulching improves the water use efficiency, physical and chemical properties of soil, enhance the yield of cotton, wheat and mung crops and also helpful in ameliorating ill effects of brackish water on soil and crop characteristics.