سیدناعلی المرتضی رضی اللہ تعالی عنہ
کعبہ کی حرمت مترشحّ ہے، جس کو طواف کعبہ کی سعادت حاصل ہوجائے ، اُس کو دیگر شخصیات میں ایک ارفع مقام مل جاتا ہے۔ کیوں کہ صاحب ایمان طوافِ کعبہ سے حج وعمرہ کی سعادت حاصل کر لیتا ہے۔ دنیا کے کونے کونے سے قریہ قریہ سے کو چہ کو چہ سے آئے ہوئے حضرات مناسک ِحج وعمرہ ادا کرتے ہوئے اپنی قسمت پر نازاں نظر آتے ہیں کوئی سیّد ہے تو وہ بھی مطاف میں موجود، کوئی افغانی ہے تو وہ بھی مطاف میں موجود ،کوئی ایرانی ہے تو وہ بھی کبھی حجرِ اسود کے سامنے سے گزرتا ہے،کبھی مقامِ ابراہیم پرنوافل ادا کرتا ہے۔ ان سب مقامات کو جو عظمت ملی ہے وہ کعبہ معظمہ کی وجہ سے ہے، ان مقامات مقدسہ کے علاوہ ایک نابغۂ روزگار ہستی ایسی بھی ہے جس نے کعبہ شریف کے اندر جنم لیا ہے اور وہ سیّدنا علی المرتضیٰ ص (مولودِکعبہ ) ان کو نہ صرف قربتِ کعبہ میسر آئی بلکہ کعبہ کے اندر پیدائش کی سعادت بھی حاصل ہوئی۔
کسے را میسّر بجز ایں سعادت
بہ کعبہ ولادت بہ مسجد شہادت
شہنشا و اقلیم ولایت ، منبع علم و عرفاں، راز دارِ محبوب ِخدا، مشکل کشا، مخزن صدق وصفا سیّدنا علی کرّم اللہ تعالیٰ وجہہ الکریم ۱۳رجب ۳۲ سال قبل از ہجرت بروز جمعۃ المبارک بز م ہستی میں رونق افروز ہوئے۔ (ضیاء الواعظین)
آپ ص کا نام علی رکھا گیا آپ کی کنیت ابوالحسن اور ابو تراب ہے۔ آپ وادی بطحا کے نامور سردار اور اہل حرم میں معزز ترین فردابوطالب کے فرزندِ ارجمند ہیں۔ آپ صکی والدہ ماجدہ فاطمہ بنت اسد بن ہاشم ہیں، آپ صفاطمہ بنت اسدسے بے انتہا محبت فرماتے تھے۔ بعداز ہجرت مدینہ منورہ میں حضرت فاطمہ رضی اللہ عنہا نے وفات پائی تو حضور...
Aims of Study: Planter fasciitis (PF) is a common cause of heel pain. Muscle energy technique (METs) and passive soft tissue therapies are widely used for its management. The objective of this review was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of METs and passive soft tissue therapies on PF.
Methodology: An extensive electronic literature search was made using different databases and search engines. Studies regarding METs and soft tissues therapies were investigated according to the eligibility criteria, using extracted data form and assessed for risk of bias. Outcome measures were pain and functional status. Quality assessment was done with Downs and Black, Cochrane risk of bias tool, PEDro scale and Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) tool.
Results: Five articles met the selection criteria, were systematically reviewed for quantitative synthesis on comparative effects of METs and passive soft tissue therapies on PF. The quality of studies was moderate to high.
Limitations and Future Implications: Less evidence on desired interventions and outcome measures was the limitation. Relative efficacy helps in clinical decision making and improve patient’s related outcomes.
Originality: This review is the independent creation of authors.
Conclusion: Manual soft tissue techniques are more effective than METs on improving pain and function in planter fasciitis.
Microbial enzymes such as xylanases enable new technologies for industrial processes. Xylanolytic enzymes hydrolyze complex polysaccharides like xylan and have various commercial applications such as those in the biofuel and pulp and paper fields. In this study, the xylanases from Bacillus pumilus strain BS131 and Aspergillus flavus strain ZGCL17 were isolated from rhizosphere of agricultural fields of district Lahore, Pakistan. These microbes were used as source for production of xylanase and ethanol. A reference strain Aspergillus niger AB1.18 was used as positive reference provided by the courtesy of TNO Netherlands. In the first phase of study, several bacterial and fungal isolates were obtained and purified by subsequent sub-culturing. These purified microbes were then grown on xylan screening media and two strains, BS131 and ZGCL17 were selected because of their significant production capacity. Strain BS131 produced maximum xylanase enzyme (388.8 IU/mg) in xylan medium under submerged fermentation whereas, strain ZGCL17 showed maximum xylanase activity of 493.3 IU/mg in the same medium. In the second phase of study, potential of waste fiber sludge was evaluated to be used as substrate for xylanase production. Waste fiber sludge (WFS) and wheat bran (WB) were used as carbon sources either independently or in combination. Waste fiber sludge was supplemented with different concentrations of salts as well. Along with these salts some combinations were containing wheat bran as an additional Carbon source. Maximum xylanase production was observed in Vogel‟s medium supplemented with WFS as main source of carbon with highest significant xylanase production by strain BS131 (5.7 IU/mL) and strain ZGCL17 (7.3 IU/mL). Along with that, various physio-chemical parameters affecting xylanase production (different media, effect of consortia, incubation period, temperature, pH, substrate concentration, Carbon and Nitrogen sources and enzymatic hydrolysis) were optimized to get maximum enzyme production. Ethanol production was also observed by double fermentation process, involving waste fiber sludge as fermentation substrate. In the first phase of fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for the production of ethanol. In second phase two previously selected microbes (BS131 and ZGCL17) were grown on the resultant product of first fermentation step, to observe xylanase production. Quantification analysis provided that xylanase production improved approximately up to 45% in two step fermentation. These observations strongly indicate the suitability of this two step production system of xylanase enzyme. In the next phase of study, microbial xylanases were purified for chemical characterization and structure elucidation. Column chromatography was used to purify xylanase from rest of the entities. Purity of the purified xylanases was confirmed by performing SDS-PAGE analysis. Purified xylanase fractions were sent for MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. Obtained amino acid patterns were compared by previously deposited sequences on NCBI Protein Blast. All the obtained sequences showed resemblance with xylanase enzymes. The purified xylanase produced by Bacillus pumilus strain BS131 was recognized as glucuronoxylanase with a 100% resemblance with the Bacillus pumilus glucuronoxylanase (EDW23359.1). Whereas, the xylanase data obtained for Aspergillus flavus strain ZGCL17 showed 100% homogeneity with the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Aspergillus flavus NRRL3357 (XP_002380174.1). In the last phase of study, various physio-chemical parameters were optimized to ensure maximum enzyme activity on previously selected substrate combinations. Among different parameters studied (temperature, pH, substrate concentration, Carbon & Nitrogen sources etc.) maximum xylanase activity was observed at neutral pH in case of BS131 and at pH 5 for ZGCL17. The most suitable temperature for xylanase production was estimated to be 30 °C. With respect to substrate specificity studies 4% of WFS:WB was observed to perform on best significant places. In the same way, some kinetics related to temperature and pH stability was also optimized to ensure maximum enzyme activity. Temperature ranged from 30-60 °C and pH values in same regard were 5.0-7.5. All the experiments were performed thrice containing five replicates of each treatment. All the data was analyzed statistically by performing ANOVA and DNMRT with the help of computer aided software DSAASTAT. Based on the results obtained from the present study it is concluded that two rizospheric microbial strains BS131 (Bacillus pumilus) and ZGCL17 (Aspergillus flavus) have the potential for industrial scale production of xylanase enzyme. Along with that WFS and WB have potential for industrial production of xylanase enzyme. The stability of enzyme was observed over a wide range of temperature. Other characteristics observed add further evidence to its potential for industrial applications. The results of present study strongly indicate the scope for further research on some biochemical structural elucidation and enzyme engineering for wide range of applications.