ڈاکٹر نعیم احمد
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ ماہ پروفیسر ڈاکٹر نعیم احمد ، صدر شعبۂ اردو علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی انتقال کرگئے، وہ بڑے خلیق ، ملنسار اور مرنجاں مرنج شخص تھے۔ ابھی وسط نومبر میں انھوں نے اپنے شعبہ میں توسیعی خطبہ دینے کے لیے مجھے مدعو کیا تھا مگر میں نے اپنی مشغولیت کی بنا پر اس وقت معذرت کردی تھی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، فروری ۱۹۹۶ء)
In a situation of conflict or divorce between wife and husband there generally arises the issue concerning the custody of child. Muslim scholars of Islamic law are not unanimous over who, father or mother, has the right to the custody of child. Some scholars are of the view that the mother has the right to the custody of the male child until he 7 year old, and that of the female one until her age of puberty provided that the mother does not get married to someone else. This article deals with the issue from the angle of child's welfare, and tries to come to the conclusion that if the child's welfare is taken care of by the father more than the mother, the father should be given the right to the child's custody, and vice versa.
The population survey was conducted to evaluate the population of common mallard
(Anas platyrhynchos) at ten wetlands of the Punjab. The mean population of ten year at
Chashma Barrage (65651464), Taunsa Barrage (1913191), Ucchali Lake (885232), Head
Qadirabad (24972), Head Marala (41852), Head Rasool (350), Khabbeki lake (9242), Head
Sulaimanki (1515166), Jhalar Lake (10321), and Head Islam (21739) was calculated and
recorded. The population of Chashma barrage was statistically highly significant (P<0.01) as
compared to other wetlands. Toevaluate the food preference, among total 40 gut samples, total
weight of gut was (102.583.451g), total weight of gizzard (39.92 1.279 g ), weight of food
material (4.340.170), gizzard weight without food material (35.33 1.208), weight of seed (1.62
0.092), weight of vegetation (1.960.087), weight of other material was (0.940.069). The
comparison between male and female showed that the total weight of gut, total weight of
gizzard, weight of food material, gizzard weight without food material and weight of seed was
statistically highly significant (P<0.01), weight of other material was statistically significant
(P<0.05) and weight of vegetation was statistically non-significant (P >0.05). The total 11 species
of plants were identified from the gut analysis which were, Ipomoea aquatic, Hydrilla
verticillata, Trapa natans, Oryza sativa, Vallisneria spirallis, Schenoplectus litoralis, Nymphaea
nouchali, Typha angustifolia, Potamogeton nodosus, Eichhornia crassipes and Cyperus
alopecuroides. The total 14 samples were found infected with different gastro- intestinal
parasites. The six species of parasites found were Amidostomum anseris, Hystrielus tricolor,
Notocotylus attenuatu, Hymenolepis gracilis, Diacranterian introversa, and Diorchis stefanskii.
Four species were recorded at Chashma Barrage, Taunsa Barrage and Head Sulaimanki. Three
species were recorded at water-logged area of Bahawalnagar and Faisalabad and two species
were recorded at Head Marala. Hymenolepis gracilis, Dicranotaenia introversa and Diorchis
stefanskii was recorded from the four wetlands.Hystrielus tricolor and Notocotylus attenuates
was recorded from the three wetlands and Amidostomum anseris was recorded from the two
wetlands. The current study has provided the valuable baseline information for the
management planning, conservation, improvement of habitat, host-parasite interactions,
fitness, and health status of this species.