اردو کے اہم مدونین (امتیاز علی عرشی)
امتیاز علی خان عرشی کا امتیاز یہ ہے کہ انہوں نے اردو ادب کو تحقیق کے آداب و رموز سے آشنا کیا۔ تحشیہ و تدوین کا معیار قائم کیا اور اپنی تحقیقی کاوشوں سے ادب کو بیش بہا تصانیف سے روشناس کروایا۔ان کی تدوین، تحقیق کے تازہ واردان کی رہبری اور رہنمائی کرتی اور انہیں اس فن کے اصولوں سے آگاہ کرتی ہے۔بہت سی کتابوں کو عرشی نے نئی زندگی عطا کی اور اردو تدوین کو اعتبار بخشا۔امتیاز علی عرشی ۸ دسمبر۱۹۰۴ء کو رام پور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ملازمت کی بھی تو علم و ادب سے وابستہ رہے۔ فروری ۱۹۸۱ء میں رام پور میں انتقال کیا۔آپ کی اہم تصنیف مندرجہ ذیل ہیں:
• مکاتیب غالب • نظام نامہ
• ترجمہ مجالس رنگین • انتخاب غالب
• نادرات شاہی از شاہ عالم • سلک گوہر از انشاء
• کہانی رانی کیتکی کی از انشاء
دیوان غالب:
تحقیق میں امتیاز علی عرشی کا خاص کارنامہ ان کی قابل قدر تدوین و ترتیب ہے۔ اختلافات نسخ، جعلی نسخوں ، تصحیح متن، حوالوں کی جانچ پڑتال اور تحقیقی مواد کی فراہمی کا ان میں ایک خاص سلیقہ موجود ہے۔ غالبیات کے ماہر کی حیثیت سے ان کے تحقیقی اور علمی کارنامے ناقابل فراموش ہیں۔غالبیات کے ماہر ہونے کے علاوہ امتیاز علی عرشی نے دوسرے موضوعات پر بھی قلم اٹھایا ہے۔ غالب کے علاوہ عرشی نے انشاء اور سعادت یار خان رنگین کے کلام اور ان کے ادبی اکتباسات سے بھی دل چسپی لی ہے۔عرشی کے علم کا دائرہ بہت وسیع تھا۔انہوں نے تاریخ سے بھی دل چسپی لی اور اس کے پس منظر میں ادب کی نشوونما کا جائزہ لینے کی کوشش کی ہے۔
حافظ محمود شیرانی اگر اردو تحقیق کے معلم اول ہیں تو معلم ثانی صرف اور صرف امتیاز علی خان...
Fashionable dressing is a very sensitive issue for females, it creates sometimes confusion that what are the limits and orders of “Shariah” for it. So I try to inform all females a proper dress code in the light of Islamic “Shariah”. Islam is not against the fashion but it says that it should be only for “Mahrams” and it should not be out of limits. So the article deals to clarify needs and importance of dress, dress codes in Islam as well as the usage of different type of dressings like thin, fitted, expensive and costly, male dresses, uneven (not according to Islam) etc. It will clarify the confusion which makes us confused in fashionable dressing and how much it is allowed to keep them in use. Islam has provided guidance in dressing like in any other fields of life as well as fashion is allowed by Allah as blessing but according to the rules and regulation of Islamic “Shariah” and do not try to go against it. That is why we have to be aware and careful while fashioning.
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality in Pakistan with prevalence rate of 19 %. Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside with positive inotropic effect is most commonly prescribed to cardiac patients; involving therapeutic monitoring of drug in serum/plasma through lengthy immunoassay procedures in practice. Also, the detection facility is restricted to private labs in major cities of Pakistan. Nanotechnology with the help of nanomaterials as compared to conventional lengthy procedures offers robust, patient centered on chip methodologies for detection of therapeutically important drugs in serum/plasma. The aim of the current study was fabrication of microfluidic device offering on chip QDs based detection of clinical range of digoxin (0.8-2.0 ng per ml) in custom-made optical setup. To achieve the said objectives, sequence of experiments were conducted. It was imperative to delineate the effect of pH of media on the fluorescence of zinc sulphide (ZnS). ZnS nanowires were conjugated with different log dilutions of mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) and digoxin antibody (Ab). To observe the effect of each dilution on fluorescence of NWs, pH of the media was monitored before conjugation. This study highlights the enhancement in PL of ZnS NWs when pH of the media is almost equal to the pKa of carboxyl group of MAA (pH ~ pKa). While, quenching in fluorescence was observed when pKa < pH> pKa. Thus, proving our hypothesis of use of ZnS as a fluorescent tag for biological applications. The effect of pH, ions in media and time of incubation on the PL of MAA coated QDs was studied by incubating dots in three different phosphate buffers. The pH of media for each buffer was adjusted as acidic (pH <7.2), neutral (7.2 - 8.0) and basic (pH> 14.0).The PL response from dots in buffer 1 was more profound as compared to other two buffers. The current study demonstrated maximum fluorescence from dots in buffer 1 within pH range of 7.0 – 10.0, which increases with increasing time of incubation.Electrochemical analysis was performed to study the mechanism of electron transfer from QDs to linker (MAA) and then to Ab using electrochemical analysis. Electrochemical analysis shows resistance in electron transfer when electrode was modified with QDs and Ab conjugated QDs (QD-MAA-Ab) as compared to when modified with MAA only. The number of electrons calculated during the oxidation or anodic cycle were: 2, 1,3 and 4 for GCE, QD, QD-MAA and QD-Ab, respectively. During the reduction or cathodic cycle, the electrons found were 2, 1,4 and 6 for GCE, QD, QD-MAA and QD-Ab. Finally, detection of different log dilutions of digoxin inclusive of the therapeutic range (0.8-2.0 ng/ml) spiked in PBS buffer (1ml) using emission (quantum dots (QD)) and plasmon based (gold nanoparticles (SERS)) methods. Limit of detection (LOD) achievable through emission-based methodology was 0.5 ng/ml while 0.4 ng/ml through plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles. Then the emission-based detection was performed in fabricated microfluidic device using homemade optical detection setup. The fabricated device is of ((H x W x D) 2.7’’ x 0.98” x 0.005)) as compared to conventional digoxin detection machine (Architect i2000SR: (H x W x D) 48’’ x 61” x 49”). The current study envisages replacement of conventional methodologies with microfluidic device or chip using quantum dots and SERs based tags as compared to conventional enzyme-based labels. The said device would be cost effective, portable and can easily be carried to remote areas of country.