وہ عشتار دیوی کی معصوم داسی
(سید ماجد شاہ)
وہ عشتار دیوی کی معصوم داسی
جو چنچل بھی تھی، خوبصورت بھی تھی
اور مقدّس بھی تھی
مرے ساتھ شوخی میں مصروف تھی
اچانک سمندر میں لہریں اُٹھیں
ایسی طغیانی آئی ، تلاطم ہوا
کہ سنہری روئیں اس کے کندن بدن پر چمکنے لگے
رات روشن ہوئی
تھوڑے ڈھلکے ہوئے زاویے اس طرح سے مُدوّر ہوئے
جیسے مینا چھلکنے کو تیار ہو
اُس کی آنکھیں شفق بن کے جلنے لگیں
میں ہی کیا
وہ مِرا عکس جو اُس کی آنکھوں میں تھا
سُرخ ہونے لگا
میرے ہاتھوں کی بے تابیاں بڑھ گئیں
ہاتھ جاگے تو جس طرح مضراب سے تار چھڑنے لگے
سُر ملے تو قیامت کی سنگت ہوئی
پھول کھلتے رہے، خوشبوئیں چار اطراف میں رقص کرتی رہیں
اِک مقدّس اَلاؤ میں کچھ دیر تک ہم دہکتے رہے
پھر ہوا اِس طرح
جس طرح کہکشاں
پھلجھڑی کی طرح منتشر ہو گئی
Today’s world is a global village. Societies affect each other far deeper and faster than ever. New problems are sprouting with every coming day. We feel that the cultural issues are the most significant ones in this context. The question is how we should deal with these problems. To us, the solution lies in the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention), one of the instruments of Sharī‘ah (Islamic Law). Such is its importance as all the four schools of thought are of the same opinion about its scope. A cultural change if drives Muslims away from the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will have to be stopped or altered to suit the objectives, but if it leads to something good without damaging the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will be accepted. New problems are multifarious. We need to bring ijtihād into practice and solve such problems. This research article discusses the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention.), its meaning, definition, and scope. It also discusses different opinions of scholars. The author of this paper, then, deliberates its use for its applications to solve the new problems being faced by the Muslims across the world.
Salt stress is known to hamper steady state water flow which may reduce plant growth.This research was aimed to study the roles of leaf turgor, osmotic adjustment and cell wall elasticity under saline conditions which may reduce biomass production in Phragmites karka (a marsh grass). Plants were grown in 0, 100 and 300 mM NaCl and harvested on 3, 7, 15 and 30 days to observe periodic changes in growth and water relations. Leaf number, relative growth rate, and relative elongation rate were higher in the non-saline control than in the plants grown under saline conditions. Plants showed a rapid decline in leaf growth rate (7-15 days) in 300 mM NaCl compared to a delayed response (15-30 days) in 100 mM NaCl. Leaf water potential (ΨW) decreased with increases in salinity after 3rd day while osmotic potential decreased after 15th day. Low leaf turgor (Ψp) on the 3rd day indicated an initial phase of osmotic stress under saline conditions. Plants maintained higher Ψp in 0 and 100 mM than in 300 mM NaCl. Differences between mid-day and pre-dawn ΨW and water saturation deficit were higher in 300 mM NaCl than with other treatments. Water potential and hydraulic capacitance at turgor loss point decreased while bulk elastic modulus (Ɛ) increased in 300 mM NaCl. Maintenance of turgor and growth at 100 mM NaCl could be related to efficient osmotic adjustment (use of K+ and Cl-), higher water use efficiency, and lower Ɛ while poor growth at 300 mM NaCl may have been a consequence of low turgor, higher Ɛ and decreased cell hydraulic capacitance.