مولانا شبلی (فقیہ ندوہ)
اعظم گڑھ کی سرزمین سے تین شبلی پیدا ہوئے، اور اتفاق سے تینوں کسی نہ کسی حیثیت سے ندوہ سے وابستہ رہے، ایک نے وہاں تعلیم و تربیت پائی اور شبلی متکلم کے خطاب سے مشہور ہوئے، اس وقت مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائے میر کے مہتمم اور صدر مدرس ہیں، دوسرے اس کے معتمد تعلیم بلکہ روح رواں تھے، جن کو دنیا علامہ شبلی کے نام سے جانتی ہے، تیسرے مولانا شبلی فقیہ ندوہ تھے، جنھوں نے نہ وہاں تعلیم پائی اور نہ کسی خاص شہرت کے مالک ہوئے، مگر ندوہ اور ندویوں کو ان کی ذات سے ان کے دوسرے ہمنام بزرگوں سے کم فائدہ نہیں پہنچا، ندوہ کے ابتدائی چند سالوں کے علاوہ اس کی پچاس سالہ زندگی کے ہر دور میں یہ ہمارے مولانا شبلی نظر آئیں گے، اس دور کا کوئی ایسا ندوی نہیں ہے، جو ان کا شاگرد نہیں، اور ان کے سامنے اس نے زانوے تلمذ تہ نہیں کیا۔
ولادت اور تعلیم و تربیت: غالباً ۱۸۷۲ء میں ضلع اعظم گڑھ کے ایک گاؤں جیراجپور میں پیدا ہوئے، ابتدائی تعلیم کے بعد عربی کی تحصیل کے لئے فرنگی محل لکھنو اور پھر مدرسہ عالیہ رامپور گئے، وہاں کئی برس رہ کر تعلیم کی تکمیل کی۔
مولانا اپنے قیام رامپور کا قصہ اکثر بیان کرتے تھے، فرماتے تھے کہ دو ڈھائی روپیہ ماہانہ کل خرچ ہوتا تھا، دن میں دونوں وقت کھانا کھاتا تھا، ۴ چراغ کے تیل پر خرچ ہوتا تھا، اور ۴ دھوبی صابون وغیرہ اور ۲؍۴ حجامت وغیرہ پر۔
تکمیل تعلیم کے بعد ہی مولانا مدرسہ چشمہ رحمت غازیپور میں صرف و نحو کے مدرس مقرر ہوئے۔
ندوہ میں آمد: علامہ شبلی نعمانی مرحوم مردم شناس بھی تھے، ایک مرتبہ اتفاق سے غازیپور گئے ہوئے تھے، چشمۂ رحمت میں بھی جانے کا اتفاق ہوا، اور مولانا شبلی...
This research states that in Islamic law adopting a child is a good act, which helps adopted children get a proper education. The right to a proper education for adopted children is one of the main goals of adoption, this welfare is one of the rights that must be provided by adoptive parents. In general, implementing the above rights of children is an obligation and joint responsibility of the government and society. The phenomenon that occurs in Indonesia is that the educational rights of adopted children have shifted to utilization, due to several factors, one of which is economic. The aim of this research is to strengthen previous research, and examine further the shift in the educational rights of adopted children and look at the factors that result in non-fulfillment of adopted children's rights in Indonesia. This research uses an approachsociological normative with the nature of the researchanalytical descriptive. The results of this research found several factors that resulted in a shift, even not being given the rights of adopted children, such as: f In fact, in Islam, adopting a child is a good act but over time it becomes exploitative.
The role of thioureas in medicinal chemistry is immense; they possess polypharmacology in their nature which explains the so many and diverse bio activities associated with them. Having this in view, the current study was planned to explore some new potential drugs from thioureas class of organic compounds. Initially 10 thioureas were synthesized which were obtained in good yields and then characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. These compounds were given arbitrary numbers from 1 to 10. The biological activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed and in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticholinesterase potentials of the compounds were examined. The compounds were also fed to the experimental mice to find their in vivo antilipidemic, antihyperglycemic and toxicological effects. The compounds showed fair anti Alzheimer’s potential (in vitro) which is evident from their inhibition potentials against the two cholinesterases AChE and BChE. They also delivered very good in vitro antidiabetic activity by inhibiting the enzymes α-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase; glucose-6-phosphatase was inhibited the most followed by α-amylase and then α-glucosidase. Moreover, the in vitro antidiabetic activity seemed to be more pronounced as compared to that of anti-AD. Of the compounds, compound 8 was more effective inhibitor of AChE (IC50 of 63 μg/ml) and also of BChE (IC50 of 80 μg/ml) than the rest of synthesized compounds. As for antidiabetic potential, against α-amylase, compound 9 turned out to the best inhibitor with IC50 of 62 μg/ml; alpha glucosidase was efficiently inhibited by compound 8 with of IC50 75 μg/ml, and glucose-6-phophatase was more potently inhibited by compound 10 which decreased the enzyme’s activity to a much lower level of 3.12± 1.1 (at concentration of 1000 mg/ml). All the compounds showed good scavenging potentials against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. DPPH was more potently scavenged by compound 1 with IC50 45 μg/ml while ABTS was also efficiently inhibited by compound 1 with IC50 45 μg/ml. The synthesized compounds were also assessed for their antibacterial spectrum against selected bacterial strains. Against Agrobacterium tumefacien compound 6 was more active (MIC of 4.02 μg/ml) as compared to other bacterial strains while against Proteus vulgaris compound 2 was more active (MIC value 4.45 μg/ml). The growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus was more pronounced for compound 9 (MIC= 4.03 μg/ml). The in vivo inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase was greater for compound 7 that decreased the activity of enzyme to an extent of 21.42 at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of mice. The toxicity study of the compounds was then performed in Swiss albino mice; only four compounds (4, 7, 9 and 10) were turned out to be safe enough to be used for systemic uses as they produced no toxicological effects on biochemical and hematological parameters at the studied doses. The findings were also confirmed by histology study of liver specimens taken from the experimental animals. Blood glucose and lipid profiles of the experimental animals were also monitored at regular intervals and compounds declared as safe, viz., 4, 7, 9 and 10 were found to have notable hypoglycemic and antilipidemic potentials. These four compounds were then fed to STZ-induced diabetic mice; compound 7 was found to have a very potent antihyperglycemic potential as it decreased the blood glucose level up to 108.56±4.15 mg (of P released) being very close to 102.3 ± 3.73 mg (of p released), which was the glucose level recorded for the group that was treated with the commercially available antidiabetic medicine Glibenclamide. The body weight in the case of the group treated with compound 7 remained normal as compared to that of the negative control group. Compound 7 also effectively decreased triglyceride and LDL level and brought about a healthy increase in HDL level after 28 days of treatment. Although an array of different in vivo and in vitro activities was observed for the 10 compounds and these, in general, were found to have antioxidant, antibacterial, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic and antilipidemic potentials up to one extent or the other, but final selection for the in vivo testing was made based on toxicological screening in the experimental mice. Compound 4, 7, 9 and 10 were found safe and having enough antidiabetic therapeutic potential and thus could be used for treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies which are compulsory steps required in the development of any new potential drug like structure activity relationship (SAR) and "absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion" (ADME) are still required to be carried out to establish the formal therapeutic status of the compounds.