پرنس انجم قدر ؍ میجر علی حماد عباسی
آل انڈیا شیعہ کانفرنس کے صدر پرنس انجم قدر کی وفات ملک و ملت کا بڑا حادثہ ہے، سنیوں سے بھی ان کے روابط تھے، وہ دونوں فرقوں میں اتحاد و مفاہمت کے بڑے حامی تھے اور مشترکہ ملی مسائل کے حل کے لیے سنیوں کے ساتھ ہر جدوجہد میں شریک رہتے تھے۔ مسلم پرنسپل لابورڈ، مسلم مجلس مشاورت اور بابری مسجد تحریک سے ان کا گہرا تعلق تھا، دوسرا حادثہ میجر علی حماد عباسی کی اچانک وفات ہے۔ وہ شبلی کالج میں انگریزی کے استاد اور آخر میں پرنسپل ہوئے، پڑھنے لکھنے کا اچھا ذوق تھا اور مشرقی و مغربی ادب پر خاصی نظر تھی۔ وقتاً فوقتاً طنزیہ و مزاحیہ اور ادبی و تنقیدی مضامین لکھتے تھے جن کے بعض مجموعے چھپ گئے ہیں، طالب علمی کے زمانے ہی سے دارالمصنفین برابر آتے تھے جس کا سلسلہ آخر تک قائم رہا۔ پروفیسر مجیب الحسن کی کتاب کشمیر انڈر سلطانز کا اردو ترجمہ ’’کشمیر سلاطین کے عہد میں‘‘ کے نام سے کیا جو دارالمصنفین سے شائع ہوا۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، ستمبر ۱۹۹۷ء)
The present study aims at determining the extent to which the values, derived from the second-generation curriculum and introduced in the third-year middle school English book, are adopted by teenagers to help them overcome their identity crisis, in Algeria. To achieve this aim, two questionnaires applied to 70 third year teenage pupils were carried out. One prior to the study with the third year English book, the other one after the study.The results of the two questionnaires were compared and showed that the values total average has increased from 16.06 in the first questionnaire to 21.33 in the second. An increase has also been noticed in the averages of the four value dimensions: national identity (from 4.76 to 6.10), national awareness (from 3.63 to 5.36), citizenship (from 4.13 to 5.31) and openness to the world (from 3.50 to 4.50). The previous results confirm that there is an improvement in the values of pupils yet the commitment to the values of « openness to the world » dimension is still weak compared to the other ones and needs further research to be improved.
This anthropological research explores the issue of child labour from the human resource development perspective embedded in the centuries old cultural practices of workplace based skills transfer to younger generations. Moreover, within cultural and economic discourses the research attempts to present the factors that influence poor parents to decide a career course for their idle male children to become functional adults. This research was carried out in the Dhok Hassu locality of Rawalpindi City in the Province of Punjab, Pakistan, involving children working at the informal auto repair and refurbishing workshops, their Ustaads (Technicians & Employers), and parents. It has helped to understand more fully the existence of the child labour phenomena from the perspectives of communities. The research presents a ‘Split Pyramid Model: Depicting Cultural and Economic Determinants of Child Labour’. The model describes how the interplay of cultural and economic determinisms induces poor families to send children into labour to develop their human resources. On the cultural side, it suggests that social norms of abhorring idleness 1 and deviancy 2 compel parents to place out of school male children at workplaces. On the economic side, the model indicates that future income needs, as opposed to immediate ones, play a critical role in prompting parents to opt for workplace based human resource development opportunities for their idle male children. The practice of child labour is carried out despite parents knowing that children are subjected to corporal punishment at the workplaces. Communities view the practice of child labour 1 Idleness: Child who is not going to school (never been to school or dropped out) and primarily spending time in streets in playful activities, which is considered by parents as waste of time. 2 Deviancy: It consists of actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms including formally-enacted rules and informal violations of social norms. Parents fear that children can develop behaviors that are socially and culturally unacceptable and lead to crime. ivas a traditional method of transferring new skills to the next generation, in continuity of cultural practices.