Pandemic Impact on the Travels and Tourism Sector of Nepal

The travel and tours enterprise were badly affected due to pandemics. In the aftermath of high restrictions on human movement, travel-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted due to lockdown. Due to pandemic, highly impacted into earning-saving, lack of supportive working conditions, lower self-capacity, and lack of recovery budget and policies, the travel and tours-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted. The study reflected the impact of pandemics on travel and tours, major constraints, and a possible way forward to sustaining. The research explores what are the major existing practices of sustaining travel and tours entrepreneurs during pandemics, what factors can contribute to building bounce-back capacities of travel and tours entrepreneurs’ sustainability. Above forty-four, snowball-based sampling was done from major travel and tours entrepreneurs, Pokhara-Nepal. A structure-based open-ended questionnaire, key informant interviews, and in-person-based discussion were applied in the method of study. Used the content analysis along with a recap of the research question, undertake bracketing to identify biases, operationalize variables with develop a coding, and code the data with undertaking analysis while qualitative analysis, and multiple regression facilitated on quantitative analysis to finalize the discussion. The study reflects that self-saving, social support, state and financial institutions recovery support, social behavior and change communication, full vaccination practices, and self-accountable tourist behavior are highly expectable conditions to the sustainability of travel and torus entrepreneurship in the learning area. The study concludes that self-saving capacity can contribute to bounce-back capacity for every entrepreneur. Social support and socioeconomic recovery packages were also contributing to sustaining travel and tours in the study area. Self-saving condition and capacity is higher bounce back capacity compared to non-saved entrepreneurs in the study area. Social support, socioeconomic recovery practices, and recovery packages from state and financial institutions were not at the higher level as expected.

Use of L1 Through Sandwich Approach to Improve Listening and Comprehension Skills for Sld in Pakistani Learners.

This study is based on exploring the influence of L1 (1st language/mother tongue) on L2 (2nd language) listening skills through the sandwich approach. The main focus is listening comprehension of second language (English) in Pakistani students. Listening skill is required for speaking and communication of second language. The need is to give the Pakistani learners an easy way of enhancing listening skill to understand better (without spending years to polish listening skill) and speak well in L2. The study consisted of 200 participants as sample population from different institutes of the Southern Punjab Pakistan (Bahawalpur). The researcher observed through pilot study that the students of (graduate and post graduate levels) with good L2 learning lack in their listening comprehension regarding L2 (English) spoken by the native English speakers. The data was collected and listening practices using recorded audio material were conducted to make the participants comprehend L2 native speakers with the help of L1. The analysis was done by using SPSS and the comparative results revealed that the Pakistani learners are well aware of the second language and its use but lack of listening and speaking exposure creates difficulties for them to communicate with L2 native speakers. Use of L1 through sandwich approach was useful in developing the listening skill and comprehension of the L2 learners.