النورسي ومعالجته النقدية الايجابية البناءة للقضايا

From the very first day, the scholars of the Ummah, Particularly from the time of Im฀m Sh฀f฀ movements of Islamic thought originated, which affected not only the Arabic world but the whole Islamic world. There had been movements of severe revenge and bloodshed and a lot of people were killed. Im฀m Nawras฀ is one of those unique people who served the Islamic thought from such dangerous storms. Day and night he made selfless efforts. He criticized the falsehood and injustice. The period of Im฀m Nawras฀ was plagued with severe gales of argumentations. This became the cause of Invitational, reformative and renewing movement of Im฀m Nawras฀. It faced the western and European attacks which appeared after Industrial and ideological revolutions of Europe. Before starting the movement, he did deep study of current affairs, Islamic thought and history. He studied the reasons due to which chaos of Islamic thought began. It was necessary to study all the situations and to fight with the contemporary Atheistic thought and wipe out its effects. So this article discusses intellectual contributions of Im฀m Nawras฀. He is great in handling the critical situation, and his conservative positive criticism is excellent. He is one of those luckiest persons who survived and got a chance to serve humanity. He was unique in handling intellectual issues away from dialectical demagoguery. Im฀m Nawras฀ really worked great for Islam. His principles regarding intellectual positive criticism, his philosophical thoughts, his criticism on mystic issues are presented here in this article. It is important to study and analyze Nawras฀ ’s amazing ability and his critical positive approach and treatment of constructive issues away from the ego.

Effects of Intravenous Diclofenac on Postoperative Sore Throat in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi: A Randomized, Double Blind Controlled Trial

Background: postoperative sore throat (POST) is the commonest complication after endotracheal intubation. The efficacy of intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in alleviating postoperative sore throat has not been investigated. Objective: to evaluate the effect intravenous diclofenac sodium on the occurrence and severity of POST. Design: a randomised, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Setting: the operating theatres of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Population: endotracheally intubated adult inpatients undergoing general anaesthesia for either general surgical or gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods: forty two adult inpatients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery were randomized into two equal groups. The intervention group (referred to as the diclofenac group) received a single intravenous dose of 75mg diclofenac sodium in addition to standard care given at our hospital for the prevention of POST. The control group (referred to as the standard care group) received standard care only. All patients were interviewed postoperatively at two, six and eighteen hours. Data of the baseline characteristics, the occurrence and severity of sore throat were collected. If sore throat was present, a numerical rating scale (NRS) score was used to assess its severity. Results: the baseline characteristics of the participants were similar. The occurrence of POST at two hours postoperatively was less in the intervention group than in the standard care group, 15% and 30% respectively. However this difference did not reach statistical significance (p 0.26). There was no difference in the severity of postoperative sore throat between the intervention and standard care groups at two, six and eighteen hours postoperatively (p 0.360, 0.678 and 0.862 respectively) Conclusion: intravenous diclofenac sodium added to the standard care does not affect the occurrence or severity of postoperative sore throat.