اجازت
شاہد اشرف
"یہ راستہ آگے چل کر چشمے کی طرف نکلتا ہے " راہگیر یہ کہ کر آگے بڑھ گیا. میں شش و پنج میں مبتلا اسے جاتے ہوئے دیکھتا رہا پھر آہستہ آہستہ رستے پر گامزن ہو گیا. اس نے کہا تھا کہ. تھوڑے فاصلے پر چشمہ ہے اور چشمے کا نام و نشان دکھائی نہیں دیتا تھا. میں تھکن, پژ مردگی اور مایوسی سے پہلے ہر حال میں چشمے تک پہنچنا چاہتا تھا. پختہ سڑک کے بعد یہ راستہ زائرین کو پیدل طے کرنا پڑتا تھا. آخر کار چشمہ آ گیا . میں نے پانی پیا اور وہیں زمین پر بیٹھ گیا. اُس نے مجھے یہاں تک آنے کے لیے کہا تھا, اس کے بعد مزار تک پہنچنے کا فاصلہ مجھے اس کے ساتھ طے کرنا تھا. وہ میرے بعد چشمے پر پہنچا اور آتے ہی بولا " آؤ چلیں " ہم چل پڑے اور راستے میں باتیں کرتے رہے. ایک طویل فاصلہ طے کرنے کے بعد اس نے دور سے مزار کی طرف اشارہ کیا اور پھر نا معلوم منزل کی جانب گامزن ہو گیا۔ میں مزار کی طرف بڑھنے لگا ۔ جلد ہی مجھے احساس ہو گیا۔ میں جتنا مزار کے قریب جاتا ہوں ۔ مزار اتنا ہی مجھ سے دور ہو جاتا ہے ۔ میں نے تیز بھاگنے کی کوشش کی اور میرا سانس پھول گیا. میرے پاؤں بوجھل ہونے لگے اور میں حسرت و یاس کے عالم میں مزار کی طرف دیکھتا رہا. مجھے معلوم ہو گیا کہ مجھے باریابی کی اجازت نہیں ہے. میں اپنے بعد آنے والوں کو مزار کی سمت جاتے دیکھتا ہوں۔ سب مجھے حیرت سے دیکھ کر گزر جاتے ہیں۔ میں خستہ حال اور تہی دست ایک عمر سے وہاں پر رکا ہوا ہوں.
Background: Plant derived medicines are widely used in traditional culture all over the world. Objectives: To determine the effect of Celery Seed Extract (CSE) on uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats and to compare the effect of allopurinol and CSE. Methods: It was an animal experimental research study. Group A served as negative control whereas Group B served as positive control. CSE was given orally to three groups of rats (C, D, and E). One hour prior to administration of CSE; potassium oxonate was injected intraperitoneally in all groups except negative control to induce hyperuricemia. Similarly, group F was given allopurinol one hour after injection of potassium oxonate. Blood samples were collected for uric acid estimation. Results: It was found that administration of both CSE (group C, D, E) and allopurinol (group F) significantly lowered serum uric acid levels (p<0.001) as compared to positive control (group B). Serum uric acid lowering effect of both drugs CSE and allopurinol was found to be statistically significant on day 3rd and day 7th and was almost comparable. Conclusions: Celery seed extract significantly reduces serum uric acid levels in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats and its uric acid lowering effect was comparable with that of allopurinol.
Studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of plastic mulches viz. black, clear and bare soil in the modification of plant growing environments on three hot pepper hybrids namely Sky Red, Maha and Wonder King in poly/plastic tunnels during the year 2005-06 and 2006-07. Hot pepper hybrids and plastic mulches had significant effect on plant growth and yield attributes. By using clear plastic mulch intensive weed proliferation was problematic issue; however under black plastic mulch almost complete weed suppression was achieved which results in increased fruit yield than hot peppers grown under clear plastic mulch and bare soil (control). The pattern of antioxidant accumulation was envisaged in hot peppers harvested at different stages; immature green, mature green, color break, red ripe and dried fruit. Capsaicinoids had significant distribution in mature green stage while progressive accretion of carotenoids and ascorbic acid was observed at dried and red ripe stage of all hybrids, respectively. However, the pattern of total phenolic contents biosynthesis was found significant at immature green stage in Sky Red where as in Maha at color break stage and in case of Wonder King at red ripe stage. Aflatoxin contamination in hot pepper hybrids was investigated under various temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) and packaging regimes (polyethylene and jute bags) during five months storage period. Aflatoxin detection under these conditions had lower levels than the existing regulatory limits ascribed by European Commission (EC No. 1881/2006) that is 10μg kg -1 for total aflatoxins. Aflatoxin contamination and microbial load was increased significantly with the increase in temperature and storage duration which was heavily infested when samples packed in jute bags and stored at 25 and 30°C respectively. Storage duration and temperature regimes had inverse relation on antioxidant quality of hot pepper ecotypes as well. Further attempts were made to decontaminate aflatoxin contaminated samples of hot pepper hybrids (from previous study) subjected to gamma radiation (2, 4 and 6 kGy) and its effect on antioxidant stability was again assessed after three month storage. Higher the irradiation dose, lower the concentration of carotenoids and ascorbic acid ascertained in hot pepper ecotypes; however, capsaicinoids and polyphenols rendered greater stability at higher irradiation dose during storage. Irradiated samples of hot peppers had 7% xireduction in aflatoxin contamination as compared to non-irradiated (control). Total fungal population had inverse relation with increasing radiation dose and complete inhibition was observed when irradiated at 6 kGy and no further fungal proliferation was seen during three months storage at ambient conditions.