ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری
ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری میرے مخلص اور عزیز دوست تھے، مجھے ان کے انتقال کی خبر بہت دیر سے ملی، وہ علی گڑھ مولانا آزاد لائبریری میں ڈپٹی لائبریرین تھے، وہاں جاتا تو مطلوبہ کتابیں فوراً حاضر کرتے اور چائے سے خاطر تواضع کرتے، اصرار کرکے گھر بلاتے اور پرتکلف دعوت کرتے، خدابخش لائبریری کے ڈائریکٹر ہوکر وہ پٹنہ گئے تو اسے ترقی دینے کے لئے متعدد کام کئے اور کئی سمینار کرائے جن میں مجھے مدعو کرتے، وہاں سے ریٹائر ہوکر علی گڑھ آئے تو مولانا حسین احمد مدنیؒ پر ایک سمینار کا پروگرام بنایا مگر وہ نہ ہوسکا، ضیاء الدین صاحب کو علم و ادب سے بڑا شغف تھا اور وہ اچھے منتظم بھی تھے، کئی کتابیں لکھیں لیکن اشاریہ نگار کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے اپنا خاص سکہ جمایا، وہ بڑے شریف، نیک طینت، خوش خلق اور مرنجان مرنج شخص تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ انہیں جنت نعیم عطا کرے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا فرمائے، آمین۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اپریل ۲۰۰۷ء)
Western mind always remains muddled to fathom the Islamic belief “Prophethood” but it is grand reality that the West has contributed a lot in “Sirah Writing” from 17th to the present age. Although, in primary literature, Western scholars have delineated their abhorrence in this regard, without any research analysis. They usually used to twist the facts and misinterpret the text in attempt to sustain their assumption under their own perception. In the present age, literary change is seen in Western Writings that scholars have admired categorically the demonstrative Personality of Mohammad (PBUH) as well as they have praised his attributes as authoritative leader, Reformer, Peace maker etc. It will discuss the changes which were seen in Western writings about Sirah and analysis the causes and facts accordingly. It will also throw light on the Western assumption about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH); which has been prevailed in their writings before 19th even changed now. Islam is religion of Peace and Prophet of Islam has sent as” Blessing for All the Universe” from God Almighty so the question is what are the motives to bring forward theses western suppositions in this regard and at what extent it will affect? It will be discussed through comparative analysis among the Sirah books by Western Scholars Maxim Rodinson, Karen Armstrong and Michael Cook.
Helminths especially gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes impose severe threat to sheep in terms of mortality, morbidity, treatment cost and control measures. In parasitized sheep, reduction in immunity to fight against GI parasites may occur due to trace element deficiencies. The rangelands of Punjab province have diversified forages used for small ruminants grazing. These forages are a natural source of trace elements for animals. This study was executed at Chakwal district of Punjab, Pakistan for the qualitative and quantitative determination of GI parasitic fauna; estimation of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) of sheep, forages and soils of rangelands. A correlation was established between trace element profile and GI parasitic burden in sheep. Microscopically scanned faecal samples of sheep (n=384) revealed an overall prevalence of 65.62 % of GI helminths. The prevalence was significantly higher at Kalar Kahar (77.22 %) followed by Talagang (74.51 %), Choa Saidan Shah (70.97 %) and Chakwal (44.55 %) tehsils (administrative sub divisions of district). The identified parasitic fauna included Haemonchus contortus (60.94%), Ostertagia trifurcata (21.88%), Trichostrongylus spp. (6.25%), Strongyloides papillosus (7.03%), Marshallagia marshalli (6.25%), Avitellina centripunctata (9.64%), Fasciola (F.) gigantica (4.43%) and F. hepatica (1.56%). Nematodes represented higher level of infection than cestodes and trematodes. Rangeland forages reflected higher levels of Zn, Cu and Co than the recommended critical dietary levels for animals; whereas, Se level was within the normal limit. The forage levels of Mn and Mo were below the critical dietary limit. Grazing site soils showed relatively higher levels of Zn, Cu, Mn and Co than the critical levels. Selenium level in soils was below the critical limit; while, Mo level was within the recommended critical limit. Rangeland sheep sera had normal levels of Cu, Mo and Se; while, higher and marginally deficient levels of Mn, Co and Zn, respectively were noted in sheep. Sheep flocks at tehsil Kalar Kahar revealed the highest magnitude (660.21) of egg per gram (EPG) of faeces followed by those of Talagang (610.16), Choa Saidan Shah (506.36) and Chakwal (467.47). Nevertheless, trace elements seem to have no correlation with EPG magnitude in naturally parasitized sheep flocks of the study area. In conclusion, trace elements profile of naturally infected sheep flocks exhibited no significant role in reducing GI parasitic burdens, despite of the fact that rangeland forages and soils contained sufficient levels of most trace elements to cater the requirements of sheep flocks.