مولانا قاضی زین العابدین سجادؔ میرٹھی
گزشتہ ماہ مولانا قاضی زین العابدین سجادؔ میرٹھی اور جناب میکشؔ اکبر آبادی رحلت فرماگئے، قاضی صاحب میرٹھ کے ایک علمی و دینی خاندان کے فرد اور دارالعلوم دیوبند کے ممتاز فضلا میں تھے، وہ عرصہ تک جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ کے شعبۂ دینیات و تاریخ اسلام کے صدر رہے، تحریر و تصنیف کا ذوق مولانا تاجورنجیب آبادی کی صحبت میں پیدا ہوا، ابتدا میں مصطفی منفلوطی کے عربی افسانوں کا اردو ترجمہ کیا، کئی برس تک میرٹھ سے ’’الحرم‘‘ نکالتے رہے، جس کے کئی خاص نمبر شایع ہوئے اردو عربی لغت میں بیان اللسان اور قاموس القرآن ترتیب دی، ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی کی کتاب ’’تاریخ ملت‘‘ کے بعض حصے مرتب کیے، دو تین برس قبل ان کی کتاب ’’شہید کربلا‘‘ شایع ہوئی، جمعیۃ علمائے ہند اور دارالعلوم دیوبند کی سرگرمیوں میں بھی حصہ لیتے رہے، کئی برس سے بیمار تھے ۸۸ء میں آخری بار دہلی کے مدنی سیمینار میں ملاقات ہوئی تو بہت کمزور ہوگئے تھے، طبیعت میں نفاست تھی، خوش وضع، خوش پوش اور خلیق و ملنسار شخص تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مئی ۱۹۹۱ء)
During the former era of the State of Bahawalpur the Nawabs were in perpetual conflict with their relatives. The Kehlwar family of Sindh and during the modern era remained under influence of the British. So we can say that the State of Bahawalpur remained under constant foreign influence and the Nawabs did not have chance to rule with liberty and ease. In spite of these facts, the government of the State had many Islamic qualities and there are clear effects of Fatwa on judicial system in both eras.
Embedding of a digital watermark in a digital media is proving to be a workable solution for many of the recent problems like copyright protections and content authentication. However, the embedding of a digital watermark in a digital media is not without constraints. This requires perceptual shaping of a watermark in context of Human Visual System (HVS). The goal of this thesis is to develop a new watermarking scheme based on intelligent shaping of a digital watermark using GP. To achieve this goal, the research focuses on making efficient tradeoffs between two of the most important, but contradicting properties of a watermarking system; robustness and imperceptibility. This thesis makes the following contributions: (1) An analysis of the importance of perceptual shaping of a watermark in making a trade off between robustness and imperceptibility is performed, (2) intelligent search technique, like GP, is used to exploit the characteristics of HVS in evolving superior perceptual shaping functions, (3) the concept of bonus fitness has been proposed to implement multi-objective fitness function, in the GP simulation. This helps in simultaneously handling the estimated robustness and imperceptibility requirements during embedding stage, and actual robustness during decoding stage, (4) we realize that perceptual shaping of a watermark is not only important for making a superior trade off, but could also be used to tailor the watermark in accordance to an anticipated attack, (5) watermarking systems are becoming more and more sophisticated, as such this thesis, using intelligent search technique like GP, points towards the solution strategy of many complex issues in watermarking that are difficult to be computed analytically. A series of empirical investigations are performed to analyze the performance of the genetically evolved perceptual shaping functions (GPSFs) using standard benchmark, which shows the effectiveness of our approach.