المبحث الخامس: کفِ آئينة
( کفِ آئینہ ) ھذہ المجموعۃ الشعریہ الخامسۃ والأخیرۃ لبروین شاکر التي تمّ نشرھا بعد وفاتھا، وقد اختارت الشاعرۃ بروین شاکر اسم مؤلفھا ھذا ولکن الحیاۃ لم تساعدھا في أن تکمل مسیرتھا ولم تستطع طبعھا ونشرھا. وأھم میزۃ في ھذا المؤلف ھي المشاعر الحزینۃ وعواطف مليئة بالأحزان والآلام، وبعض النقاد أعتبر (کفِ آئینہ) إمتزاجًا بین (إنکار) و (خوشبو)، وبعض الکتاب اعتبروا (کفِ آئینہ) العمل الراقي المتطور والملون لبروین شاکر، وھذہ المجموعۃ عبارۃ عن الخیال الرفیع والفکر العمیق والأسلوب الجدید والتعبیر الصادق للأحاسیس ومشاعر الشاعرۃ ویتضح نظرتھا للحیاۃ والواقع أکثر من نظرتھا للخیال والوھم۔
وأھم المواضع التي تناولتھا الشاعرۃ ھي حیاتھا الخاصۃ وتجاربھا وما حولھا من الحالات الإجتماعیۃ والمآثر الدنیاویۃ، وھموم الحیاۃ ومتاعب العمر وأحزان القلب ومآسي العیش ومصاعب الحب وغیرھا من المواضیع الحزینۃ المليئة بالألم والأوجاع وتکالیف الحیاۃ، وقد تناولت الشاعرۃ المواضیع القدیمۃ بأفکارھا وأسلوبھا الجدید وقد استخدمت تعابیر صادقۃ بمزاج متناغم قدیم ولکن بترتیب متناسق وبطریقۃ متطورۃ حدیثۃ تلفت أنظار الجمھور من الأدباء والقراء۔ وقد نالت ھذہ المجموعۃ أیضاً إعجاب القراء ومثقفي الأدب وفي الأبیات الآتیۃ تربط بین الزھرۃ والھواء العلیل وھذا دلیل علی أن الشاعرۃ کانت لھا القابلیۃ في أن تجعل من الأفکار القدیمۃ معان وکلمات جدیدۃ متطورۃ توافق مع العصر الحاضر۔
اک حجاب تہہ اقرار ہے مانع ورنہ
گل کو معلوم ہے کیا دست صبا چاہتا ہے
الترجمۃ:
ھناک حجابٌ بین الطرفین تمنع وإلاّ
الزھرۃ تعلم ما ذا ترید ید الھواء العلیل
The aim of this research is to assess the impact of social capital on civic engagement. The quantitative method was applied to measure impact of independent variables on dependent variable. The survey instrument was applied to collected data from undergraduate student of four general Universities of Pakistan. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was applied to measure impact of bridging, bonding social capital and trust on civic engagement. Results indicate that bonding social capital and trust have strong association with civic engagement, however, association between bridging social capital and civic engagement was found insignificant. The analyses indicate that it is a basic requirement to bring immediately policy reforms in context of youth development and create more opportunities for youth to engage in the social and structural development of society.
In the present research work, the effect of thought and stylistic study of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal is discussed in detail. Urdu Ghazal and modern poem reflects the human feelings and truth of the present. Therefore for this research work, the mutual relationship of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal, thinking, technical and stylistics study is taken as a topic for research. It is tried to find the changes and factors producing changes, what is the creative process of both and what is the individual value of each and what is the individuality though the study of thinking effect of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal. For this purpose the present research work is divided into five chapters. First chapter is about the introduction of the topic in detail. In this chapter with the basic discussion on Urdu Ghazal and Poem the differences between Ghazal and Poem and Molana Aaltaf Hussain Haale to the present shape is analyzed beautifully. The second chapter is about the formal effects of modern poem on Urdu Ghazal. In this chapter the formal process of Modern Poem and the appearance of nw formal changes under the effect of Modern Poem in Urdu Ghazal is also analyzed. The effect of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal is also important that because of it in Urdu Ghazal, Anti Ghazal, Azad Ghazal, Zain Ghazal, Ghazal like Geet, Tedy Ghazal, Mukalmati Ghazal, Mokalmati Azad Ghazal and Ghazal-e- Musalsal is discussed in this chapter in detail. The third chapter of this research work is about the analysis of formal effect of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal, formal process and the constituent of formal relation of poem and Ghazal, imagination, language and expression, symbolism, punctuation, changes in language and expression, changes in expression and immediate reaction is possible only by the effect of Modern Poem. Chapter four is about the discussion of thinking effect of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal. Therefore in this chapter thinking combination of Ghazal and Poem, creation process between Urdu Ghazal and Modern Poem and the thinking effect of Modern Poem on the Urdu Ghazal is discussed in detail in this chapter. The last and final chapter is the overall analysis of the topic and suggestion are listed here for further research work on the base of present research work.